Modulators of muscarinic receptors

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to modulators of muscarinic receptors. The present invention also provides compositions comprising such modulators, and methods therewith for treating muscarinic receptor mediated diseases.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/208,386 filed on Aug. 19, 2005, which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/602,731, filed on Aug. 19, 2004, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to modulators of muscarinic receptors. The present invention also provides compositions comprising such modulators, and methods therewith for treating muscarinic receptor mediated diseases.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine binds to two types of cholinergic receptors: the ionotropic family of nicotinic receptors and the metabotropic family of muscarinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors belong to the large superfamily of plasma membrane-bound G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). To date, five subtypes of muscarinic receptors (M₁-M₅) have been cloned and sequenced from a variety of species, and show a remarkably high degree of homology across species and receptor subtype. These M₁-M₅ muscarinic receptors are predominantly expressed within the parasympathetic nervous system which exerts excitatory and inhibitory control over the central and peripheral tissues and participate in a number of physiologic functions, including heart rate, arousal, cognition, sensory processing, and motor control.

Muscarinic agonists such as muscarine and pilocarpine, and antagonists, such as atropine have been known for over a century, but little progress has been made in the discovery of receptor subtype-selective compounds, thereby making it difficult to assign specific functions to the individual receptors. See, e.g., DeLapp, N. et al., “Therapeutic Opportunities for Muscarinic Receptors in the Central Nervous System,” J. Med. Chem., 43(23), pp. 4333-4353 (2000); Hulme, E. C. et al., “Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes,” Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 30, pp. 633-673 (1990); Caulfield, M. P. et al., “Muscarinic Receptors-Characterization, Coupling, and Function,” Pharmacol. Ther., 58, pp. 319-379 (1993); Caulfield, M. P. et al., International Union of Pharmacology. XVII. “Classification of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors,” Pharmacol. Rev., 50, pp. 279-290 (1998), the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The Muscarinic family of receptors is the target of a large number of pharmacological agents used for various diseases, including leading drugs for COPD, asthma, urinary incontinence, glaucoma, Alzheimer's (AchE inhibitors). Despite the large therapeutic value of this family, cholinergic drugs are limited by the lack of selectivity of these agents, with significant activation of the parasympathetic autonomous system and elevated incidence of adverse effects. The molecular cloning of the muscarinic receptors and the identification of the physiological role of specific isoforms using knock-out mice, has recently delineated novel opportunities for selective muscarinic ligands, and has helped to define the selectivity profile that is required for enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects.

There is a need for modulators of muscarinic receptors M₁-M₅. There is also a need for methods for treating muscarinic receptor-mediated diseases.

There is also a need for modulators of muscarinic receptors that are selective as to subtypes M₁-M₅.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides methods of modulating activity of a muscarinic receptor using compounds of formula (I):

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Each of R₁, R₂, R₃ is independently Q₁ or Q₂, or R₂ and R₃ together form oxo.

Z₁ is —C(Q₁)₂-, —C(H)(Q₁)-, —C(H)(Q₅)-, —C(O)—, —CH₂—, —N(Q₁)-, —N(Q₂)-, or O.

Z₂ is N.

L is a bond, an aliphatic group, C₃-C₆ cycloaliphatic, —O—, —S(O)_(z)—, —S(O)_(z)—(C₁-C₄)alkyl-, —C(O)N(Q₂)-, or —S(O)_(z) N(Q₂)-, in which the aliphatic group is optionally substituted with 1-3 of oxo, Q₁, or Q₂.

G is a monocycloaliphatic group, a monocycloheteroaliphatic group, adamantyl, or a bicyclic or a tricyclic group of the formula (III)

in which the monocycloaliphatic group, the monocycloheteroalipahtic group, the adamantyl, and the bicyclic or tricyclic group are connected to L via any ring atom including those in X₁ and ring B, and the monocycloaliphatic, the monocycloheteroaliphatic, the bicyclic, and the tricyclic groups are optionally substituted with 1-3 of oxo, ═N—OQ₄, fluorine, Q₂, —C(O)—X₂-aliphatic in which X₂ is absent, —O—, —NH—, —NQ₂-, or —S(O)_(z)— and the aliphatic group is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from Q₃; bond r is a single or double bond and when ring B is present, bond r is fused with B; ring B, when present, is a 5-6 membered cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic ring; and ring B is optionally substituted with 1-3 of oxo, Q₁, or Q₂.

X₁ is —(CH₂)_(i)—, —O—, —S—, —N(Q₂)—, —N(C(O)—X₂-aliphatic)- in which X₂ is absent, —O—, —NH—, —NQ₂-, or —S(O)_(z)— and the aliphatic group is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from Q₃;

Each Q₁ is independently halo, —CN, —NO₂, —OQ₂, —S(O)_(z)Q₂, —S(O)_(z)N(Q₂)₂, —N(Q₂)₂, —C(O)OQ₂, —C(O)-Q₂, —C(O)N(Q₂)₂, —C(O)N(Q₂)(OQ₂), —N(Q₂)C(O)-Q₂, —N(Q₂)C(O)N(Q₂)₂, —N(Q₂)C(O)O-Q₂, —N(Q₂)S(O)_(z)-Q₂ or aliphatic optionally including 1-3 substituents independently selected from Q₂ or Q₃.

Each Q₂ is independently H, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclic, or heteroaryl ring, each optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from Q₃. In several examples, Q₂ is a heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with 1-3 of Q₃. In other examples, Q₂ is a pyrazole-yl, a thiadiazole-yl, or a pyrazine-yl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1-3 of C₁₋₄ aliphatic.

Each Q₃ is halo, oxo, CN, NO₂, CF₃, OCF₃, OH, —S(O)_(z)Q₄, —N(Q₄)₂, —COOQ₄, —C(O)Q₄, —OQ₄, or C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted with 1-3 halo, oxo, —CN, —NO₂, —CF₃, —OCF₃, —OH, —SH, —S(O)_(z)H, —NH₂, or —COOH.

Each Q₄ is aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aryl, aralkyl, heterocycloaliphatic, heteroaralky, or heteroaryl, each optionally including 1-3 substituents selected from halo, oxo, CN, NO₂, CF₃, OCF₃, OH, SH, —S(O)_(z)H, —NH₂, or COOH.

Each Q₅ is a heterocyclic ring optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents selected from halo, C₁-C₄alkyl, oxo, CN, NO₂, CF₃, OCF₃, OH, SH, —S(O)_(z)H, —NH₂, COOH; and each i is independently 1, 2, or 3; each m and n is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4 provided that m+n is at least 4; each p is 0 or 1; each y is independently 0 or 1; t is 1 to 4; and each z is independently 0, 1, or 2.

Additional aspects of the present invention provide compounds of formula (II), pharmaceutical compositions that are useful modulators of muscarinic receptors, and methods of treating muscarinic receptor mediated diseases using compounds of formulae (I and II).

Advantageously, the compounds of the invention are generally selective for M₁ and M₄ muscarinic receptors. Unexpectedly, the compounds of the invention exhibit increased activity and/or efficacy for M₁ and/or M₄ muscarinic receptors relative to other muscarinic receptors.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As used herein, the following definitions shall apply unless otherwise indicated.

I. DEFINITIONS:

For purposes of this invention, the chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75^(th) Ed. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry are described in “Organic Chemistry”, Thomas Sorrell, University Science Books, Sausalito: 1999, and “March's Advanced Organic Chemistry”, 5^(th) Ed., Ed.: Smith, M. B. and March, J., John Wiley & Sons, New York: 2001, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

The term “muscarinic receptor,” without a prefix specifying the receptor subtype, refers to one or more of the five receptor subtypes M₁-M₅.

The term “modulating” as used herein means increasing or decreasing, e.g. activity, by a measurable amount. Compounds that modulate muscarinic activity by increasing the activity of the muscarinic receptors are called agonists. Compounds that modulate muscarinic activity by decreasing the activity of the muscarinic receptors are called antagonists. An agonist interacts with a muscarinic receptor to increase the ability of the receptor to transduce an intracellular signal in response to endogenous ligand binding. An antagonist interacts with a muscarinic receptor and competes with the endogenous ligand(s) or substrate(s) for binding site(s) on the receptor to decrease the ability of the receptor to transduce an intracellular signal in response to endogenous ligand binding.

The phrase “treating or reducing the severity of a muscarinic receptor mediated disease” refers both to treatments for diseases that are directly caused by muscarinic activities and alleviation of symptoms of diseases not directly caused by muscarinic activities. Examples of diseases whose symptoms may be affected by muscarinic activity include, but are not limited to, CNS derived pathologies including cognitive disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), obesity, Alzheimer's disease, various dementias such as vascular dementia, psychosis including schizophrenia, mania, bipolar disorders, pain conditions including acute and chronic syndromes, Huntington's Chorea, Friederich's ataxia, Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome, Downs Syndrome, Pick disease, clinical depression, Parkinson's disease, peripheral disorders such as reduction of intra ocular pressure in Glaucoma and treatment of dry eyes and dry mouth including Sjögren's Syndrome, bradhycardia, gastric acid secretion, asthma, GI disturbances and wound healing.

As described herein, compounds of the invention may optionally be substituted with one or more substituents, such as are illustrated generally above, or as exemplified by particular classes, subclasses, and species of the invention.

As used herein the term “aliphatic” encompasses the terms alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, each of which being optionally substituted as set forth below.

As used herein, an “alkyl” group refers to a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing 1-8 (e.g., 1-6 or 1-4) carbon atoms. An alkyl group can be straight or branched. Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-heptyl, or 2-ethylhexyl. An alkyl group can be substituted (i.e., optionally substituted) with one or more substituents such as halo, cycloaliphatic [e.g., cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl], heterocycloaliphatic [e.g., heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl], aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, aroyl, heteroaroyl, acyl [e.g., (aliphatic)carbonyl, (cycloaliphatic)carbonyl, or (heterocycloaliphatic)carbonyl], nitro, cyano, amido [e.g., (cycloalkylalkyl)carbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, aralkylcarbonylamino, (heterocycloalkyl)carbonylamino, (heterocyc loalkylalkyl)carbonylamino, heteroarylcarbonylamino, heteroaralkylcarbonylamino alkylaminocarbonyl, cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, heterocycloalkylaminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, or heteroarylaminocarbonyl], amino [e.g., aliphaticamino, cycloaliphaticamino, or heterocycloaliphaticamino], sulfonyl [e.g., aliphatic-SO₂—], sulfinyl, sulfanyl, sulfoxy, urea, thiourea, sulfamoyl, sulfamide, oxo, carboxy, carbamoyl, cycloaliphaticoxy, heterocycloaliphaticoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, aralkyloxy, heteroarylalkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, or hydroxy. Without limitation, some examples of substituted alkyls include carboxyalkyl (such as HOOC-alkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, and alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl), cyanoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, acylalkyl, aralkyl, (alkoxyaryl)alkyl, (sulfonylamino)alkyl (such as (alkyl-SO₂-amino)alkyl), aminoalkyl, amidoalkyl, (cycloaliphatic)alkyl, or haloalkyl.

As used herein, an “alkenyl” group refers to an aliphatic carbon group that contains 2-8 (e.g., 2-6 or 2-4) carbon atoms and at least one double bond. Like an alkyl group, an alkenyl group can be straight or branched. Examples of an alkenyl group include, but are not limited to, allyl, isoprenyl, 2-butenyl, and 2-hexenyl. An alkenyl group can be optionally substituted with one or more substituents such as halo, cycloaliphatic [e.g., cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl], heterocycloaliphatic [e.g., heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl], aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, aroyl, heteroaroyl, acyl [e.g., (aliphatic)carbonyl, (cycloaliphatic)carbonyl, or (heterocycloaliphatic)carbonyl], nitro, cyano, amido [e.g., (cycloalkylalkyl)carbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, aralkylcarbonylamino, (heterocycloalkyl)carbonylamino, (heterocycloalkylalkyl)carbonylamino, heteroarylcarbonylamino, heteroaralkylcarbonylamino alkylaminocarbonyl, cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, heterocycloalkylaminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, or heteroarylaminocarbonyl], amino [e.g., aliphaticamino, cycloaliphaticamino, heterocycloaliphaticamino, or aliphaticsulfonylamino], sulfonyl [e.g., alkyl-SO₂—, cycloaliphatic-SO₂—, or aryl-SO₂—], sulfinyl, sulfanyl, sulfoxy, urea, thiourea, sulfamoyl, sulfamide, oxo, carboxy, carbamoyl, cycloaliphaticoxy, heterocycloaliphaticoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, aralkyloxy, heteroaralkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, or hydroxy. Without limitation, some examples of substituted alkenyls include cyanoalkenyl, alkoxyalkenyl, acylalkenyl, hydroxyalkenyl, aralkenyl, (alkoxyaryl)alkenyl, (sulfonylamino)alkenyl (such as (alkyl-SO₂-amino)alkenyl), aminoalkenyl, amidoalkenyl, (cycloaliphatic)alkenyl, or haloalkenyl.

As used herein, an “alkynyl” group refers to an aliphatic carbon group that contains 2-8 (e.g., 2-6 or 2-4) carbon atoms and has at least one triple bond. An alkynyl group can be straight or branched. Examples of an alkynyl group include, but are not limited to, propargyl and butynyl. An alkynyl group can be optionally substituted with one or more substituents such as aroyl, heteroaroyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyloxy, heterocycloalkyloxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, aralkyloxy, nitro, carboxy, cyano, halo, hydroxy, sulfo, mercapto, sulfanyl [e.g., aliphaticsulfanyl or cycloaliphaticsulfanyl], sulfinyl [e.g., aliphaticsulfinyl or cycloaliphaticsulfinyl], sulfonyl [e.g., aliphatic-SO₂—, aliphaticamino-SO₂—, or cycloaliphatic-SO₂—], amido [e.g., aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonylamino, cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, heterocycloalkylaminocarbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonylamino, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonylamino, aralkylcarbonylamino, (heterocycloalkyl)carbonylamino, (cycloalkylalkyl)carbonylamino, heteroaralkylcarbonylamino, heteroarylcarbonylamino or heteroarylaminocarbonyl], urea, thiourea, sulfamoyl, sulfamide, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, cycloaliphatic, heterocycloaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl [e.g., (cycloaliphatic)carbonyl or (heterocycloaliphatic)carbonyl], amino [e.g., aliphaticamino], sulfoxy, oxo, carboxy, carbamoyl, (cycloaliphatic)oxy, (heterocycloaliphatic)oxy, or (heteroaryl)alkoxy.

As used herein, an “amido” encompasses both “aminocarbonyl” and “carbonylamino”. These terms when used alone or in connection with another group refers to an amido group such as —N(R^(X))—C(O)—R^(Y) or —C(O)—N(R^(X))₂, when used terminally, and —C(O)—N(R^(X))— or —N(R^(X))—C(O)— when used internally, wherein R^(X) and R^(Y) are defined below. Examples of amido groups include alkylamido (such as alkylcarbonylamino or alkylaminocarbonyl), (heterocycloaliphatic)amido, (heteroaralkyl)amido, (heteroaryl)amido, (heterocycloalkyl)alkylamido, arylamido, aralkylamido, (cycloalkyl)alkylamido, or cycloalkylamido.

As used herein, an “amino” group refers to —NR^(X)R^(Y) wherein each of R^(X) and R^(Y) is independently hydrogen, alkyl, cycloaliphatic, (cycloaliphatic)aliphatic, aryl, araliphatic, heterocycloaliphatic, (heterocycloaliphatic)aliphatic, heteroaryl, carboxy, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, (aliphatic)carbonyl, (cycloaliphatic)carbonyl, ((cycloaliphatic)aliphatic)carbonyl, arylcarbonyl, (araliphatic)carbonyl, (heterocycloaliphatic)carbonyl, ((heterocycloaliphatic)aliphatic)carbonyl, (heteroaryl)carbonyl, or (heteroaraliphatic)carbonyl, each of which being defined herein and being optionally substituted. Examples of amino groups include alkylamino, dialkylamino, or arylamino. When the term “amino” is not the terminal group (e.g., alkylcarbonylamino), it is represented by —NR^(X)—. R^(X) has the same meaning as defined above.

As used herein, an “aryl” group used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in “aralkyl”, “aralkoxy”, or “aryloxyalkyl” refers to monocyclic (e.g., phenyl); bicyclic (e.g., indenyl, naphthalenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, tetrahydroindenyl); and tricyclic (e.g., fluorenyl tetrahydrofluorenyl, or tetrahydroanthracenyl, anthracenyl) ring systems in which the monocyclic ring system is aromatic or at least one of the rings in a bicyclic or tricyclic ring system is aromatic. The bicyclic and tricyclic groups include benzofused 2-3 membered carbocyclic rings. For example, a benzofused group includes phenyl fused with two or more C₄₋₈ carbocyclic moieties. An aryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents including aliphatic [e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl]; cycloaliphatic; (cycloaliphatic)aliphatic; heterocycloaliphatic; (heterocycloaliphatic)aliphatic; aryl; heteroaryl; alkoxy; (cycloaliphatic)oxy; (heterocycloaliphatic)oxy; aryloxy; heteroaryloxy; (araliphatic)oxy; (heteroaraliphatic)oxy; aroyl; heteroaroyl; amino; oxo (on a non-aromatic carbocyclic ring of a benzofused bicyclic or tricyclic aryl); nitro; carboxy; amido; acyl [e.g., aliphaticcarbonyl; (cycloaliphatic)carbonyl; ((cycloaliphatic)aliphatic)carbonyl; (araliphatic)carbonyl; (heterocycloaliphatic)carbonyl; ((heterocycloaliphatic)aliphatic)carbonyl; or (heteroaraliphatic)carbonyl]; sulfonyl [e.g., aliphatic-SO₂— or amino-SO₂—]; sulfinyl [e.g., aliphatic-S(O)— or cycloaliphatic-S(O)—]; sulfanyl [e.g., aliphatic-S—]; cyano; halo; hydroxy; mercapto; sulfoxy; urea; thiourea; sulfamoyl; sulfamide; or carbamoyl. Alternatively, an aryl can be unsubstituted.

Non-limiting examples of substituted aryls include haloaryl [e.g., mono-, di (such as p,m-dihaloaryl), and (trihalo)aryl]; (carboxy)aryl [e.g., (alkoxycarbonyl)aryl, ((aralkyl)carbonyloxy)aryl, and (alkoxycarbonyl)aryl]; (amido)aryl [e.g., (aminocarbonyl)aryl, (((alkylamino)alkyl)aminocarbonyl)aryl, (alkylcarbonyl)aminoaryl, (arylaminocarbonyl)aryl, and (((heteroaryl)amino)carbonyl)aryl]; aminoaryl [e.g., ((alkylsulfonyl)amino)aryl or ((dialkyl)amino)aryl]; (cyanoalkyl)aryl; (alkoxy)aryl; (sulfamoyl)aryl [e.g., (aminosulfonyl)aryl]; (alkylsulfonyl)aryl; (cyano)aryl; (hydroxyalkyl)aryl; ((alkoxy)alkyl)aryl; (hydroxy)aryl, ((carboxy)alkyl)aryl; (((dialkyl)amino)alkyl)aryl; (nitroalkyl)aryl; (((alkylsulfonyl)amino)alkyl)aryl; ((heterocycloaliphatic)carbonyl)aryl; ((alkylsulfonyl)alkyl)aryl; (cyanoalkyl)aryl; (hydroxyalkyl)aryl; (alkylcarbonyl)aryl; alkylaryl; (trihaloalkyl)aryl; p-amino-m-alkoxycarbonylaryl; p-amino-m-cyanoaryl; p-halo-m-aminoaryl; or (m-(heterocycloaliphatic)-o-(alkyl))aryl.

As used herein, an “araliphatic” such as an “aralkyl” group refers to an aliphatic group (e.g., a C₁₋₄ alkyl group) that is substituted with an aryl group. “Aliphatic,” “alkyl,” and “aryl” are defined herein. An example of an araliphatic such as an aralkyl group is benzyl.

As used herein, an “aralkyl” group refers to an alkyl group (e.g., a C₁₋₄ alkyl group) that is substituted with an aryl group. Both “alkyl” and “aryl” have been defined above. An example of an aralkyl group is benzyl. An aralkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents such as aliphatic [e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, including carboxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or haloalkyl such as trifluoromethyl], cycloaliphatic [e.g., cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl], (cycloalkyl)alkyl, heterocycloalkyl, (heterocycloalkyl)alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, cycloalkyloxy, heterocycloalkyloxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, aralkyloxy, heteroaralkyloxy, aroyl, heteroaroyl, nitro, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, amido [e.g., aminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonylamino, cycloalkylcarbonylamino, (cycloalkylalkyl)carbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, aralkylcarbonylamino, (heterocycloalkyl)carbonylamino, (heterocyc loalkylalkyl)carbonylamino, heteroarylcarbonylamino, or heteroaralkylcarbonylamino], cyano, halo, hydroxy, acyl, mercapto, alkylsulfanyl, sulfoxy, urea, thiourea, sulfamoyl, sulfamide, oxo, or carbamoyl.

As used herein, a “bicyclic ring system” includes 8-12 (e.g., 9, 10, or 11) membered structures that form two rings, wherein the two rings have at least one atom in common (e.g., 2 atoms in common). Bicyclic ring systems include bicycloaliphatics (e.g., bicycloalkyl or bicycloalkenyl), bicycloheteroaliphatics, bicyclic aryls, and bicyclic heteroaryls.

As used herein, a “cycloaliphatic” group encompasses a “cycloalkyl” group and a “cycloalkenyl” group, each of which being optionally substituted as set forth below.

As used herein, a “cycloalkyl” group refers to a saturated carbocyclic mono- or bicyclic (fused or bridged) ring of 3-10 (e.g., 5-10) carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, cubyl, octahydro-indenyl, decahydro-naphthyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, bicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl, bicyclo[3.3.2.]decyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, adamantyl, azacycloalkyl, or ((aminocarbonyl)cycloalkyl)cycloalkyl. A “cycloalkenyl” group, as used herein, refers to a non-aromatic carbocyclic ring of 3-10 (e.g., 4-8) carbon atoms having one or more double bonds. Examples of cycloalkenyl groups include cyclopentenyl, 1,4-cyclohexa-di-enyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctenyl, hexahydro-indenyl, octahydro-naphthyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclopentenyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octenyl, or bicyclo[3.3.1]nonenyl. A cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group can be optionally substituted with one or more substituents such as aliphatic [e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl], cycloaliphatic, (cycloaliphatic) aliphatic, heterocycloaliphatic, (heterocycloaliphatic) aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, (cycloaliphatic)oxy, (heterocycloaliphatic)oxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, (araliphatic)oxy, (heteroaraliphatic)oxy, aroyl, heteroaroyl, amino, amido [e.g., (aliphatic)carbonylamino, (cycloaliphatic)carbonylamino, ((cycloaliphatic)aliphatic)carbonylamino, (aryl)carbonylamino, (araliphatic)carbonylamino, (heterocycloaliphatic)carbonylamino, ((heterocycloaliphatic)aliphatic)carbonylamino, (heteroaryl)carbonylamino, or (heteroaraliphatic)carbonylamino], nitro, carboxy [e.g., HOOC—, alkoxycarbonyl, or alkylcarbonyloxy], acyl [e.g., (cycloaliphatic)carbonyl, ((cycloaliphatic) aliphatic)carbonyl, (araliphatic)carbonyl, (heterocycloaliphatic)carbonyl, ((heterocycloaliphatic)aliphatic)carbonyl, or (heteroaraliphatic)carbonyl], cyano, halo, hydroxy, mercapto, sulfonyl [e.g., alkyl-SO₂— and aryl-SO₂—], sulfinyl [e.g., alkyl-S(O)—], sulfanyl [e.g., alkyl-S—], sulfoxy, urea, thiourea, sulfamoyl, sulfamide, oxo, or carbamoyl.

As used herein, “cyclic moiety” includes cycloaliphatic, heterocycloaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which has been defined previously.

As used herein, the term “heterocycloaliphatic” encompasses a heterocycloalkyl group and a heterocycloalkenyl group, each of which being optionally substituted as set forth below.

As used herein, a “heterocycloalkyl” group refers to a 3-10 membered mono- or bicylic (fused or bridged) (e.g., 5- to 10-membered mono- or bicyclic) saturated ring structure, in which one or more of the ring atoms is a heteroatom (e.g., N, O, S, or combinations thereof). Examples of a heterocycloalkyl group include piperidyl, piperazyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, 1,4-dioxolanyl, 1,4-dithianyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, oxazolidyl, isoxazolidyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholyl, octahydrobenzofuryl, octahydrochromenyl, octahydrothiochromenyl, octahydroindolyl, octahydropyrindinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, octahydrobenzo[b]thiopheneyl, 2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, 1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, 3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, anad 2,6-dioxa-tricyclo[3.3.1.0^(3,7)]nonyl. A monocyclic heterocycloalkyl group can be fused with a phenyl moiety such as tetrahydroisoquinoline. A “heterocycloalkenyl” group, as used herein, refers to a mono- or bicylic (e.g., 5- to 10-membered mono- or bicyclic) non-aromatic ring structure having one or more double bonds, and wherein one or more of the ring atoms is a heteroatom (e.g., N, O, or S). Monocyclic and bicycloheteroaliphatics are numbered according to standard chemical nomenclature.

A heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkenyl group can be optionally substituted with one or more substituents such as aliphatic [e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl], cycloaliphatic, (cycloaliphatic)aliphatic, heterocycloaliphatic, (heterocycloaliphatic)aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, (cycloaliphatic)oxy, (heterocycloaliphatic)oxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, (araliphatic)oxy, (heteroaraliphatic)oxy, aroyl, heteroaroyl, amino, amido [e.g., (aliphatic)carbonylamino, (cycloaliphatic)carbonylamino, ((cycloaliphatic) aliphatic)carbonylamino, (aryl)carbonylamino, (araliphatic)carbonylamino, (heterocycloaliphatic)carbonylamino, ((heterocycloaliphatic) aliphatic)carbonylamino, (heteroaryl)carbonylamino, or (heteroaraliphatic)carbonylamino], nitro, carboxy [e.g., HOOC—, alkoxycarbonyl, or alkylcarbonyloxy], acyl [e.g., (cycloaliphatic)carbonyl, ((cycloaliphatic) aliphatic)carbonyl, (araliphatic)carbonyl, (heterocycloaliphatic)carbonyl, ((heterocycloaliphatic)aliphatic)carbonyl, or (heteroaraliphatic)carbonyl], nitro, cyano, halo, hydroxy, mercapto, sulfonyl [e.g., alkylsulfonyl or arylsulfonyl], sulfinyl [e.g., alkylsulfinyl], sulfanyl [e.g., alkylsulfanyl], sulfoxy, urea, thiourea, sulfamoyl, sulfamide, oxo, or carbamoyl.

A “heteroaryl” group, as used herein, refers to a monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic ring system having 4 to 15 ring atoms wherein one or more of the ring atoms is a heteroatom (e.g., N, O, S, or combinations thereof) and in which the monocyclic ring system is aromatic or at least one of the rings in the bicyclic or tricyclic ring systems is aromatic. A heteroaryl group includes a benzofused ring system having 2 to 3 rings. For example, a benzofused group includes benzo fused with one or two 4 to 8 membered heterocycloaliphatic moieties (e.g., indolizyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, indolinyl, benzo[b]furyl, benzo[b]thiophenyl, quinolinyl, or isoquinolinyl). Some examples of heteroaryl are azetidinyl, pyridyl, 1H-indazolyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, tetrazolyl, benzofuryl, isoquinolinyl, benzthiazolyl, xanthene, thioxanthene, phenothiazine, dihydroindole, benzo[1,3]dioxole, benzo[b]furyl, benzo[b]thiophenyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, puryl, cinnolyl, quinolyl, quinazolyl, cinnolyl, phthalazyl, quinazolyl, quinoxalyl, isoquinolyl, 4H-quinolizyl, benzo-1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, or 1,8-naphthyridyl.

Without limitation, monocyclic heteroaryls include furyl, thiophenyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4-H-pranyl, pyridyl, pyridazyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazyl, or 1,3,5-triazyl. Monocyclic heteroaryls are numbered according to standard chemical nomenclature.

Without limitation, bicyclic heteroaryls include indolizyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, indolinyl, benzo[b]furyl, benzo[b]thiophenyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolizyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, benzo[b]furyl, bexo[b]thiophenyl, indazolyl, benzimidazyl, benzthiazolyl, purinyl, 4H-quinolizyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolyl, phthalazyl, quinazolyl, quinoxalyl, 1,8-naphthyridyl, or pteridyl. Bicyclic heteroaryls are numbered according to standard chemical nomenclature.

A heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents such as aliphatic [e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl]; cycloaliphatic; (cycloaliphatic)aliphatic; heterocycloaliphatic; (heterocycloaliphatic)aliphatic; aryl; heteroaryl; alkoxy; (cycloaliphatic)oxy; (heterocycloaliphatic)oxy; aryloxy; heteroaryloxy; (araliphatic)oxy; (heteroaraliphatic)oxy; aroyl; heteroaroyl; amino; oxo (on a non-aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring of a bicyclic or tricyclic heteroaryl); carboxy; amido; acyl [e.g., aliphaticcarbonyl; (cycloaliphatic)carbonyl; ((cycloaliphatic)aliphatic)carbonyl; (araliphatic)carbonyl; (heterocycloaliphatic)carbonyl; ((heterocycloaliphatic)aliphatic)carbonyl; or (heteroaraliphatic)carbonyl]; sulfonyl [e.g., aliphaticsulfonyl or aminosulfonyl]; sulfinyl [e.g., aliphaticsulfinyl]; sulfanyl [e.g., aliphaticsulfanyl]; nitro; cyano; halo; hydroxy; mercapto; sulfoxy; urea; thiourea; sulfamoyl; sulfamide; or carbamoyl. Alternatively, a heteroaryl can be unsubstituted.

Non-limiting examples of substituted heteroaryls include (halo)heteroaryl [e.g., mono- and di-(halo)heteroaryl]; (carboxy)heteroaryl [e.g., (alkoxycarbonyl)heteroaryl]; cyanoheteroaryl; aminoheteroaryl [e.g., ((alkylsulfonyl)amino)heteroaryl and ((dialkyl)amino)heteroaryl]; (amido)heteroaryl [e.g., aminocarbonylheteroaryl, ((alkylcarbonyl)amino)heteroaryl, ((((alkyl)amino)alkyl)aminocarbonyl)heteroaryl, (((heteroaryl)amino)carbonyl)heteroaryl, ((heterocycloaliphatic)carbonyl)heteroaryl, and ((alkylcarbonyl)amino)heteroaryl]; (cyanoalkyl)heteroaryl; (alkoxy)heteroaryl; (sulfamoyl)heteroaryl [e.g., (aminosulfonyl)heteroaryl]; (sulfonyl)heteroaryl [e.g., (alkylsulfonyl)heteroaryl]; (hydroxyalkyl)heteroaryl; (alkoxyalkyl)heteroaryl; (hydroxy)heteroaryl; ((carboxy)alkyl)heteroaryl; (((dialkyl)amino)alkyl]heteroaryl; (heterocycloaliphatic)heteroaryl; (cycloaliphatic)heteroaryl; (nitroalkyl)heteroaryl; (((alkylsulfonyl)amino)alkyl)heteroaryl; ((alkylsulfonyl)alkyl)heteroaryl; (cyanoalkyl)heteroaryl; (acyl)heteroaryl [e.g., (alkylcarbonyl)heteroaryl]; (alkyl)heteroaryl, and (haloalkyl)heteroaryl [e.g., trihaloalkylheteroaryl].

A “heteroaraliphatic (such as a heteroaralkyl group) as used herein, refers to an aliphatic group (e.g., a C₁₋₄ alkyl group) that is substituted with a heteroaryl group. “Aliphatic,” “alkyl,” and “heteroaryl” have been defined above.

A “heteroaralkyl” group, as used herein, refers to an alkyl group (e.g., a C₁₋₄ alkyl group) that is substituted with a heteroaryl group. Both “alkyl” and “heteroaryl” have been defined above. A heteroaralkyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents such as alkyl (including carboxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and haloalkyl such as trifluoromethyl), alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, heterocycloalkyl, (heterocycloalkyl)alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, cycloalkyloxy, heterocycloalkyloxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, aralkyloxy, heteroaralkyloxy, aroyl, heteroaroyl, nitro, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, aminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonylamino, cycloalkylcarbonylamino, (cycloalkylalkyl)carbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, aralkylcarbonylamino, (heterocycloalkyl)carbonylamino, (heterocycloalkylalkyl)carbonylamino, heteroarylcarbonylamino, heteroaralkylcarbonylamino, cyano, halo, hydroxy, acyl, mercapto, alkylsulfanyl, sulfoxy, urea, thiourea, sulfamoyl, sulfamide, oxo, or carbamoyl.

As used herein, an “acyl” group refers to a formyl group or R^(X)—C(O)— (such as -alkyl-C(O)—, also referred to as “alkylcarbonyl”) where R^(X) and “alkyl” have been defined previously. Acetyl and pivaloyl are examples of acyl groups.

As used herein, an “aroyl” or “heteroaroyl” refers to an aryl-C(O)— or a heteroaryl-C(O)—. The aryl and heteroaryl portion of the aroyl or heteroaroyl is optionally substituted as previously defined.

As used herein, an “alkoxy” group refers to an alkyl-O— group where “alkyl” has been defined previously.

As used herein, a “carbamoyl” group refers to a group having the structure —O—CO—NR^(X)R^(Y) or —NR^(X)—CO—O—R^(Z) wherein R^(X) and R^(Y) have been defined above and R^(Z) can be aliphatic, aryl, araliphatic, heterocycloaliphatic, heteroaryl, or heteroaraliphatic.

As used herein, a “carboxy” group refers to —COOH, —COOR^(X), —OC(O)H, —OC(O)R^(X) when used as a terminal group; or —OC(O)— or —C(O)O— when used as an internal group.

As used herein, a “haloaliphatic” group refers to an aliphatic group substituted with 1-3 halogen. For instance, the term haloalkyl includes the group —CF₃.

As used herein, a “mercapto” group refers to —SH.

As used herein, a “sulfo” group refers to —SO₃H or —SO₃R^(X) when used terminally or —S(O)₃— when used internally.

As used herein, a “sulfamide” group refers to the structure —NR^(X)—S(O)₂—NR^(Y)R^(Z) when used terminally and —NR^(X)—S(O)₂—NR^(Y)— when used internally, wherein R^(X), R^(Y), and R^(Z) have been defined above.

As used herein, a “sulfamoyl” group refers to the structure —S(O)₂—NR^(X)R^(Y) or —NR^(X)—S(O)₂—R^(Z) when used terminally; or —S(O)₂—NR^(X)— or —NR^(X)—S(O)₂— when used internally, wherein R^(X), R^(Y), and R^(Z) are defined above.

As used herein a “sulfanyl” group refers to —S—R^(X) when used terminally and —S— when used internally, wherein R^(X) has been defined above. Examples of sulfanyls include aliphatic-S—, cycloaliphatic-S—, aryl-S—, or the like.

As used herein a “sulfinyl” group refers to —S(O)—R^(X) when used terminally and —S(O)— when used internally, wherein R^(X) has been defined above. Exemplary sulfinyl groups include aliphatic-S(O)—, aryl-S(O)—, (cycloaliphatic(aliphatic)) —S(O)—, cycloalkyl-S(O)—, heterocycloaliphatic-S(O)—, heteroaryl-S(O)—, or the like.

As used herein, a “sulfonyl” group refers to —S(O)₂—R^(X) when used terminally and —S(O)₂— when used internally, wherein R^(X) has been defined above. Exemplary sulfonyl groups include aliphatic-S(O)₂—, aryl-S(O)₂—, (cycloaliphatic(aliphatic))-S(O)₂—, cycloaliphatic-S(O)₂—, heterocycloaliphatic-S(O)₂—, heteroaryl-S(O)₂—, (cycloaliphatic(amido(aliphatic)))-S(O)₂— or the like.

As used herein, a “sulfoxy” group refers to —O—SO—R^(X) or —SO—O—R^(X), when used terminally and —O—S(O)— or —S(O)—O— when used internally, where R^(X) has been defined above.

As used herein, a “halogen” or “halo” group refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.

As used herein, an “alkoxycarbonyl,” which is encompassed by the term carboxy, used alone or in connection with another group refers to a group such as alkyl-O—C(O)—.

As used herein, an “alkoxyalkyl” refers to an alkyl group such as alkyl-O-alkyl-, wherein alkyl has been defined above.

As used herein, a “carbonyl” refer to —C(O)—.

As used herein, an “oxo” refers to ═O.

As used herein, an “aminoalkyl” refers to the structure (R^(X))₂N-alkyl-.

As used herein, a “cyanoalkyl” refers to the structure (NC)-alkyl-.

As used herein, a “urea” group refers to the structure —NR^(X)—CO—NR^(Y)R^(Z) and a “thiourea” group refers to the structure —NR^(X)—CS—NR^(Y)R^(Z) when used terminally and —NR^(X)—CO—NR^(Y)— or —NR^(X)—CS—NR^(Y)— when used internally, wherein R^(X), R^(Y), and R^(Z) have been defined above.

As used herein, a “guanidine” group refers to the structure —N═C(N(R^(X)R^(Y)))N(R^(X)R^(Y)) wherein R^(X) and R^(Y) have been defined above.

As used herein, the term “amidino” group refers to the structure —C═(NR^(X))N(R^(X)R^(Y)) wherein R^(X) and R^(Y) have been defined above.

In general, the term “vicinal” refers to the placement of substituents on a group that includes two or more carbon atoms, wherein the substituents are attached to adjacent carbon atoms.

In general, the term “geminal” refers to the placement of substituents on a group that includes two or more carbon atoms, wherein the substituents are attached to the same carbon atom.

The terms “terminally” and “internally” refer to the location of a group within a substituent. A group is terminal when the group is present at the end of the substituent not further bonded to the rest of the chemical structure. Carboxyalkyl, i.e., R^(X)O(O)C-alkyl is an example of a carboxy group used terminally. A group is internal when the group is present in the middle of a substituent to at the end of the substituent bound to the rest of the chemical structure. Alkylcarboxy (e.g., alkyl-C(O)O— or alkyl-OC(O)—) and alkylcarboxyaryl (e.g., alkyl-C(O)O-aryl- or alkyl-O(CO)-aryl-) are examples of carboxy groups used internally.

As used herein, the term “amidino” group refers to the structure —C═(NR^(X))N(R^(X)R^(Y)) wherein R^(X) and R^(Y) have been defined above.

As used herein, “cyclic group” includes mono-, bi-, and tri-cyclic ring systems including cycloaliphatic, heterocycloaliphatic, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which has been previously defined.

As used herein, a “bridged bicyclic ring system” refers to a bicyclic heterocyclicalipahtic ring system or bicyclic cycloaliphatic ring system in which the rings are bridged. Examples of bridged bicyclic ring systems include, but are not limited to, adamantanyl, norbornanyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, bicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl, bicyclo[3.2.3]nonyl, 2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, 1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, 3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, and 2,6-dioxa-tricyclo[3.3.1.03,7]nonyl. A bridged bicyclic ring system can be optionally substituted with one or more substituents such as alkyl (including carboxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and haloalkyl such as trifluoromethyl), alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, heterocycloalkyl, (heterocycloalkyl)alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, cycloalkyloxy, heterocycloalkyloxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, aralkyloxy, heteroaralkyloxy, aroyl, heteroaroyl, nitro, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, aminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonylamino, cycloalkylcarbonylamino, (cycloalkylalkyl)carbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, aralkylcarbonylamino, (heterocycloalkyl)carbonylamino, (heterocycloalkylalkyl)carbonylamino, heteroarylcarbonylamino, heteroaralkylcarbonylamino, cyano, halo, hydroxy, acyl, mercapto, alkylsulfanyl, sulfoxy, urea, thiourea, sulfamoyl, sulfamide, oxo, or carbamoyl.

As used herein, an “aliphatic chain” refers to a branched or straight aliphatic group (e.g., alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, or alkynyl groups). A straight aliphatic chain has the structure —[CH₂]_(v)—, where v is 1-6. A branched aliphatic chain is a straight aliphatic chain that is substituted with one or more aliphatic groups. A branched aliphatic chain has the structure —[CHQ]_(v)- where Q is hydrogen or an aliphatic group; however, Q shall be an aliphatic group in at least one instance. The term aliphatic chain includes alkyl chains, alkenyl chains, and alkynyl chains, where alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl are defined above.

The phrase “optionally substituted” is used interchangeably with the phrase “substituted or unsubstituted.” As described herein, compounds of the invention can optionally be substituted with one or more substituents, such as are illustrated generally above, or as exemplified by particular classes, subclasses, and species of the invention. As described herein, the variables in formula I and other variables contained encompass specific groups, such as alkyl and aryl. Unless otherwise noted, each of the specific groups for the variables in formula I and other variables contained therein can be optionally substituted with one or more substituents described herein. Each substituent of a specific group is further optionally substituted with one to three of halo, cyano, oxo, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, aryl, haloalkyl, and alkyl. For instance, an alkyl group can be substituted with alkylsulfanyl and the alkylsulfanyl can be optionally substituted with one to three of halo, cyano, oxo, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, aryl, haloalkyl, and alkyl. As an additional example, the cycloalkyl portion of a (cycloalkyl)carbonylamino can be optionally substituted with one to three of halo, cyano, alkoxy, hydroxy, nitro, haloalkyl, and alkyl. When two alkoxy groups are bound to the same atom or adjacent atoms, the two alkxoy groups can form a ring together with the atom(s) to which they are bound.

In general, the term “substituted,” whether preceded by the term “optionally” or not, refers to the replacement of hydrogen radicals in a given structure with the radical of a specified substituent. Specific substituents are described above in the definitions and below in the description of compounds and examples thereof. Unless otherwise indicated, an optionally substituted group can have a substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure can be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent can be either the same or different at every position. A ring substituent, such as a heterocycloalkyl, can be bound to another ring, such as a cycloalkyl, to form a spiro-bicyclic ring system, e.g., both rings share one common atom. As one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, combinations of substituents envisioned by this invention are those combinations that result in the formation of stable or chemically feasible compounds.

The phrase “stable or chemically feasible,” as used herein, refers to compounds that are not substantially altered when subjected to conditions to allow for their production, detection, and preferably their recovery, purification, and use for one or more of the purposes disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a stable compound or chemically feasible compound is one that is not substantially altered when kept at a temperature of 40° C. or less, in the absence of moisture or other chemically reactive conditions, for at least a week.

As used herein, an effective amount is defined as the amount required to confer a therapeutic effect on the treated patient, and is typically determined based on age, surface area, weight, and condition of the patient. The interrelationship of dosages for animals and humans (based on milligrams per meter squared of body surface) is described by Freireich et al., Cancer Chemother. Rep., 50: 219 (1966). Body surface area may be approximately determined from height and weight of the patient. See, e.g., Scientific Tables, Geigy Pharmaceuticals, Ardsley, N.Y., 537 (1970). As used herein, “patient” refers to a mammal, including a human.

Unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include all isomeric (e.g., enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational)) forms of the structure; for example, the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center, (Z) and (E) double bond isomers, and (Z) and (E) conformational isomers. Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational) mixtures of the present compounds are within the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise stated, all tautomeric forms of the compounds of the invention are within the scope of the invention. Additionally, unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include compounds that differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms. For example, compounds having the present structures except for the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium or tritium, or the replacement of a carbon by a ¹³C- or ¹⁴C-enriched carbon are within the scope of this invention. Such compounds are useful, for example, as analytical tools or probes in biological assays.

II. COMPOUNDS

The present invention provides methods of modulating muscarinic receptor activity using compounds of formulae (I and II), described above, that are useful in modulating activity of a muscarinic receptor.

Methods of modulating muscarinic receptors according to one aspect of the present invention involve compounds of formula (I):

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Each of R₁, R₂, R₃ is independently Q₁ or Q₂, or R₂ and R₃ together form oxo.

Z₁ is —C(Q₁)₂—, —C(H)(Q₁)-, —C(H)(Q₅)-, —C(O)—, —CH₂—, —N(Q₁)-, —N(Q₂)-, or O.

Z₂ is N.

L is a bond, an aliphatic group, C₃-C₆ cycloaliphatic, —O—, —S(O)_(zl —, —S(O)) _(z)—(C₁-C₄)alkyl-, —C(O)N(Q₂)-, or —S(O)_(z) N(Q₂)-, in which the aliphatic group is optionally substituted with 1-3 of oxo, Q₁, or Q₂.

G is a monocycloaliphatic group, a monocycloheteroaliphatic group, adamantyl, or a bicyclic or a tricyclic group of the formula (III)

in which the monocycloaliphatic group, the monocycloheteroalipahtic group, the adamantyl, and the bicyclic or tricyclic group are connected to L via any ring atom including those in X₁ and ring B, and the monocycloaliphatic, the monocycloheteroaliphatic, the bicyclic, and the tricyclic groups are optionally substituted with 1-3 of oxo, ═N—OQ₄, fluorine, Q₂, —C(O)—X₂-aliphatic in which X₂ is absent, —O—, —NH—, —NQ₂-, or —S(O)_(z)— and the aliphatic group is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from Q₃; bond r is a single or double bond and when ring B is present, bond r is fused with B; ring B, when present, is a 5-6 membered cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic ring; and ring B is optionally substituted with 1-3 of oxo, Q₁, or Q₂.

X₁ is —(CH₂)_(i)—, —O—, —S—, —N(Q₂)-, —N(C(O)—X₂-aliphatic)- in which X₂ is absent, —O—, —NH—, —NQ₂-, or —S(O)_(z)— and the aliphatic group is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from Q₃.

Each Q₁ is independently halo, —CN, —NO₂, —OQ₂, —S(O)_(z)Q₂, —S(O)_(z)N(Q₂)₂, —N(Q₂)₂, —C(O)OQ₂, —C(O)-Q₂, —C(O)N(Q₂)₂, —C(O)N(Q₂)(OQ₂)—N(Q₂)C(O)-Q₂, —N(Q₂)C(O)N(Q₂)₂, —N(Q₂)C(O)O-Q₂, —N(Q₂)S(O)_(z)-Q₂ or aliphatic optionally including 1-3 substituents independently selected from Q₂ or Q₃.

Each Q₂ is independently H, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclic, or heteroaryl ring, each optionally including 1-3 substituents independently selected from Q₃.

Each Q₃ is halo, oxo, CN, NO₂, CF₃, OCF₃, OH, —S(O)_(z)Q₄, —N(Q₄)₂, —COOQ₄, —C(O)Q₄, —OQ₄, or C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted with 1-3 of halo, oxo, —CN, —NO₂, —CF₃, —OCF₃, —OH, —SH, —S(O)_(z)H, —NH₂, or —COOH.

Each Q₄ is aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclic, heteroaralyl, or heteroaryl ring, each optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents selected from halo, oxo, CN, NO₂, CF₃, —OCF₃, —OH, —SH, —S(O)_(z)H, —NH₂, —COOH.

Each Q₅ is a heterocyclic ring optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents selected from halo, C₁-C₄alkyl, oxo, CN, NO₂, CF₃, OCF₃, OH, SH, —S(O)_(z)H, —NH₂, COOH; and each i is independently 1, 2, or 3.

Each m and n is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4 provided that m+n is at least 4.

Each p is 0 or 1.

Each y is independently 0 or 1; each t is 1 to 4; and each z is independently 0, 1, or 2.

Another aspect of the invention provides compounds of formula (II) including:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Each of R₁, R₂, R₃ is independently Q₁ or Q₂, or R₂ and R₃ together form oxo.

Z₁ is —C(Q₁)₂—, —C(H)(Q₁)—, —C(H)(Q₅)—, —C(O)—, —CH₂—, —N(Q₁)—, —N(Q₂)—, or O.

Z₂ is N.

L is a bond, an aliphatic group, C₃-C₆ cycloaliphatic, —O—, —S(O)_(z)—, —S(O)_(z)—(C₁-C₄)alkyl-, —C(O)N(Q₂)-, or —S(O)_(z) N(Q₂)-, in which the aliphatic group is optionally substituted with 1-3 of oxo, Q₁, or Q₂.

G is a monocycloaliphatic group, a monocycloheteroaliphatic group, adamantyl, or a bicyclic or a tricyclic group of formula (III)

in which the monocycloaliphatic group, the monocycloheteroaliphatic group, the adamantyl, and the bicyclic or tricyclic group are connected to L via any ring atom including those in X₁ and ring B, and the monocycloaliphatic, the monocycloheteroaliphatic, the bicyclic, and the tricyclic groups are optionally substituted with 1-3 of oxo, ═N—OQ₄, fluorine, Q₂, —C(O)—X₂-aliphatic in which X₂ is absent, —O—, —NH—, —NQ₂-, or —S(O)_(z)— and the aliphatic group is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from Q₃; bond r is a single or double bond and when ring B is present, bond r is fused with B; ring B, when present, is a 5-6 membered cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic ring, and is optionally substituted with 1-3 of oxo, Q₁, or Q₂.

X₁ is —(CH₂)_(i)—, —O—, —S—, —N(Q₂)-, —N(C(O)—X₂-aliphatic)- in which X₂ is absent, —O—, —NH—, —NQ₂-, or —S(O)_(z)— and the aliphatic group is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from Q₃.

Each Q₁ is independently halo, —CN, —NO₂, —OQ₂, —S(O)_(z)Q₂, —S(O)_(z)N(Q₂)₂, —N(Q₂)₂, —C(O)OQ₂, —C(O)-Q₂, —C(O)N(Q₂)₂, —C(O)N(Q₂)(OQ₂), —N(Q₂)C(O)-Q₂, —N(Q₂)C(O)N(Q₂)₂, —N(Q₂)C(O)O-Q₂, —N(Q₂)S(O)_(z)-Q₂ or aliphatic optionally including 1-3 substituents independently selected from Q₂ or Q₃.

Each Q₂ is independently H, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclic, or heteroaryl ring, each optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from Q₃.

Each Q₃ is halo, oxo, —CN, —NO₂, —CF₃, —OCF₃, —OH, —S(O)_(z)Q₄, —N(Q₄)₂, —COOQ₄, —C(O)Q₄, —OQ₄, or C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted with 1-3 halo, oxo, —CN, —NO₂, —CF₃, —OCF₃, —OH, —SH, —S(O)_(z)H, —NH₂, or —COOH.

Each Q₄ is aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aryl, aralkyl, heterocycloaliphatic, heteroaralky, or heteroaryl, each optionally including 1-3 substituents selected from halo, oxo, CN, NO₂, CF₃, OCF₃, OH, SH, —S(O)_(z)H, —NH₂, or COOH.

Each Q₅ is a heterocyclic ring optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents selected from halo, oxo, C₁-C₄alkyl, —CN, —NO₂, —CF₃, —OCF₃, —OH, —SH, —S(O)_(z)H, —NH₂, and —COOH.

Each i is independently 1, 2, or 3.

Each p is 0 or 1.

Each y is independently 0 or 1.

Each z is independently 0, 1, or 2.

III. SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS a. Substituent G

G is a monocycloaliphatic group, a monocycloheteroaliphatic group, adamantyl, or a bicyclic or a tricyclic group of formula (III)

in which the monocycloaliphatic group, the monocycloheteroaliphatic group, the adamantyl, and the bicyclic or tricyclic group are connected to L via any ring atom including those in X₁ and ring B, and the monocycloaliphatic, the monocycloheteroaliphatic, the bicyclic, and the tricyclic groups are optionally substituted with 1-3 of oxo, ═N—OQ₄, fluorine, Q₂, —C(O)—X₂-aliphatic in which X₂ is absent, —O—, —NH—, —NQ₂-, or —S(O)_(z)— and the aliphatic group is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from Q₃; bond r is a single or double bond and when ring B is present, bond r is fused with B; ring B, when present, is a 5-6 membered cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic ring, and is optionally substituted with 1-3 of oxo, Q₁, or Q₂.

In certain embodiments, G is an optionally substituted monocycloaliphatic group.

In several embodiments, G is an optionally substituted cycloaliphatic. In examples of this embodiment, G is an optionally substituted monocycloaliphatic. Specific examples of G include, but are not limited to, 5 to 8 membered monocycloalkyls or a 5 to 8 membered monocycloalkenyls. In other examples, G can be an optionally substituted cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, or cyclooctyl.

In several embodiments, G is optionally substituted with Q₂, or —C(O)—X₂-aliphatic, where X₂ is absent, —O—, —NH—, or —NQ₂-, and the aliphatic group is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from Q₃. In examples of these embodiments, G can be substituted with carbonyl, sulfonyl, alkoxy, combinations thereof, or the like.

In several embodiments, G is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 of carbonyl, sulfonyl, or combinations thereof. Examples of G include, but are not limited to, alkoxycarbonyl, aliphaticcarbonyl (e.g., alkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, or alkynylcarbonyl), aliphatic, alkoxyalkoxycarbonyl, cycloalkoxycarbonyl, heterocycloalkoxycarbonyl, aminoaliphatic, aliphaticamino, arylcarbonyl, or heteroarylcarbonyl, each of which is optionally substituted.

In several embodiments, G is substituted with alkyl, aryl, haloalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or alkoxyamino. In several embodiments, G is selected from

In several embodiments, G is an optionally substituted monoheterocycloaliphatic group. Examples of G include, but are not limited to, optionally substituted 5 to 7 membered monoheterocycloaliphatic groups.

In several embodiments, G includes at least 1 nitrogen atom. G can be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from Q₂, and —C(O)—X₂-aliphatic, where X₂ is absent, —O—, —NH—, or —NQ₂-, and the aliphatic group is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from Q₃.

In several embodiments, G is optionally substituted with 1 to 2 substituents independently selected from alkoxycarbonyl, alkynyloxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkoxycarbonyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl, heterocycloalkoxycarbonyl, and cycloalkoxycarbonyl.

In other embodiments, G is one selected from

In several embodiments, G includes at least one O atom. In several examples, G is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from independently selected from alkoxycarbonyl, alkynyloxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkoxycarbonyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl, heterocycloalkoxycarbonyl, and cycloalkoxycarbonyl. In other examples, G is unsubstituted.

In several embodiments, G is one selected from

In other embodiments, G is an optionally substituted bicyclic group of formula (III). In one group of examples, ring B is absent from the bicyclic group of formula (III).

In several embodiments, X₁ is —(CH)_(2i)—.

In several alternative embodiments, the bicyclic group of formula (III) includes 7 to 9 ring atoms. In specific examples, G is an optionally substituted bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, bicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl. In yet another group of the examples, G can be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from Q₂, and —C(O)—X₂-aliphatic, where X₂ is absent, —O—, —NH—, or —NQ₂-, and the aliphatic group is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from Q₃.

In several embodiments, G is one selected from

In other embodiments, G is optionally substituted adamantly.

In several embodiments, X₁ is —N(Q₂)- or —N(C(O)—X₂-aliphatic), where X₂ is absent, —O—, —NH—, or —NQ₂-, and the aliphatic group is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from Q₃. In one group of examples, G is an optionally substituted tropane.

In other examples, G is substituted with Q₂, and —C(O)—X₂-aliphatic, where X₂ is absent, —O—, —NH—, or —NQ₂-, and the aliphatic group is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from Q₃.

In several embodiments, G is substituted with alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkoxycarbonyl, heterocycloalkoxycarbonyl, cycloalkoxycarbonyl, alkoxyaryloxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl, alkynyloxycarbonyl, or heterocycloalkylalkoxycarbonyl.

In several embodiments, G is one selected from

b. Substituent Z₁

Z₁ is —C(Q₁)₂-, —C(H)(Q₁)-, —C(H)(Q₅)-, —C(O)—, —CH₂—, —N(Q₁)-, —N(Q₂)-, or O.

In several embodiments, Z₁ is optionally substituted carbon or nitrogen atom. In one group of examples, Z₁ is substituted with amino, alkylcarbonylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonylalkyl, alkoxyalkoxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, haloarylcarbonyl, haloarylsulfonyl, alkylheteroarylcarbonyl, heteroarylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl, haloarylaminocarbonyl, alkylheteroarylsulfonyl, cyanoalkylarylcarbonyl, heterocycloalkoxycarbonyl, alkynyloxycarbonyl, cycloalkoxycarbonyl, heterobicycloarylcarbonyl, alkylheteroarylaminocarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylcarbonylalkyl, alkoxyarylcarbonyl, haloalkoxycarbonyl, alkylarylcarbonyl, haloalkoxyarylcarbonyl, or arylaminocarbonyl.

In several embodiments, Z₁ is one selected from

c. Substituents R₁, R₂, and R₃

Each of R₁, R₂, R₃ is independently Q₁ or Q₂, or R₂ and R₃ together form oxo.

In several embodiments, R₁ is hydrogen, halo, or optionally substituted alkyl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cyanoalkylaryl, alkylaryl, alkylsulfonylaryl, alkylcarbonylaryl, aryl, aminocarbonylaryl, alkylcarbonylaminoaryl, cycloalkenyl, or alkoxyaryl. R₁ groups can be optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from amino, carbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aryl, aliphatic, alkoxy, and sulfonyl.

In other embodiments, R₁ is one selected from hydrogen, halo, methyl, —OCH₃,

In several embodiments, R₂ and R₃ are independently hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkyl, or R₂ and R₃ together form an oxo or amino.

In still other embodiments, R₂ and R₃ are independently hydrogen, alkyl, or R₂ and R₃ together form an oxo.

d. L Groups

L is a bond, an aliphatic group, C₃-C₆ cycloaliphatic, —O—, —S(O)_(z)—, —S(O)_(z)—(C₁-C₄)alkyl-, —C(O)N(Q₂)-, or —S(O)_(z) N(Q₂)-, in which the aliphatic group is optionally substituted with 1-3 of oxo, Q₁, or Q₂. In some embodiments, L is a bond or an aliphatic group in which the aliphatic group is optionally substituted with 1-3 of oxo, Q₁, or Q₂. In other embodiments, L is a bond. In still further embodiments, L is an aliphatic group optionally substituted with 1-3 of oxo, Q₁, or Q₂. L is CH₂.

e. Combinations of Embodiments

Other embodiments include any combination of the aforementioned substituents G, Z₁, L, R₁, R₂, and R₃.

f. Excluded Compounds

In several embodiments, when Z₁ is —CH₂— or —N(CH₃)—, L is a bond, and G is an optionally substituted monocycloaliphatic, an optionally substituted monocycloheteroalipahtic group, or a norbornanyl group, then the R₁ substituent on the indane or indole is other than H.

In several embodiments, when L is —C(O)—CH₂— and Z₁ is —N(Q₁)-, and Q₁ on Z₁ is —S(O)₂-optionally substituted phenyl, then the R₁ substituent on the indole is other than H.

In several embodiments, when L is —S(O)₂—(C₁-C₄)alkyl-, Z₁ is —CH₂—, then the R₁ substituent on the indane or tetrahydronaphthyl is other than H.

In several embodiments, when L is —S(O)₂—(C₁-C₄)alkyl-, R₂ and R₃ form ═O, Z₁ is —N(Q₁)-, and Q₁ is aliphatic or —S(O)₂-aliphatic, then the R₁ substituent on the indole is other than H.

In several embodiments, when L is aliphatic, and R₂ and R₃ form ═O, and Z₁ is —N(Q₁)-, Q₁ is aliphatic, G is a substituted monocycloheteroaliphatic group, then the R₁ substituent on the indole is other than H.

In certain embodiments, L is not —S(O)₂—(C₁-C₄)alkyl-.

g. Specific Embodiments

Specific compounds of formulae (I or II) are shown below in Table 1. TABLE 1 Exemplary compounds of formula I. 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

209

210

211

212

213

214

215

216

217

218

219

220

221

222

223

224

225

226

227

228

229

230

231

232

233

234

235

236

237

238

239

240

241

242

243

244

245

246

247

248

249

250

251

252

253

254

255

256

257

258

259

260

261

262

263

264

265

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

273

274

275

276

277

278

279

280

281

282

283

284

285

286

287

288

289

290

291

292

293

294

295

296

297

298

299

300

301

302

303

304

305

306

307

308

309

310

311

312

313

314

315

316

317

318

319

320

321

322

323

324

325

326

327

328

329

330

331

332

333

334

335

336

337

338

339

340

341

342

343

344

345

346

347

348

349

350

351

352

353

354

355

356

357

358

359

360

361

362

363

364

365

366

367

368

369

370

371

372

373

374

375

376

377

378

379

380

381

382

383

384

385

386

387

388

389

390

391

392

393

394

395

396

397

398

399

400

401

402

403

404

405

406

407

408

409

410

411

412

413

414

415

416

417

418

419

420

421

422

423

424

425

426

427

428

429

430

431

432

433

434

435

436

437

438

439

440

441

442

443

444

445

446

447

448

449

450

451

452

453

454

455

456

457

458

459

460

461

462

463

464

465

466

467

468

469

470

471

472

473

474

475

476

477

478

479

480

481

482

483

484

485

486

487

488

489

490

491

492

493

494

495

496

497

498

499

500

501

502

503

504

505

506

507

508

509

510

511

512

513

514

515

516

517

518

519

520

521

522

523

524

525

526

527

528

529

530

531

532

533

534

535

536

537

538

 539

 540

 541

 542

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 546

 547

 548

 549

 550

 551

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 559

 560

 561

 562

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 564

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 566

 567

 568

 569

 570

 571

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 577

 578

 579

 580

 581

 582

 583

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 589

 590

 591

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 597

 598

 599

 600

 601

 602

 603

 604

 605

 606

 607

 608

 609

 610

 611

 612

 613

 614

 615

 616

 617

 618

 619

 620

 621

 622

 623

 624

 625

 626

 627

 628

 629

 630

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 632

 633

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 636

 637

 638

 639

 640

 641

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 648

 649

 650

 651

 652

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 654

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 664

 665

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 669

 670

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 719

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 723

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 726

 727

 728

 729

 730

 731

 732

 733

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 736

 737

 738

 739

 740

 741

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 750

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 766

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 769

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 800

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 820

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 830

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1000

1001

1002

1003

1004

1005

1006

1007

1008

1009

1010

1011

1012

1013

1014

1015

1016

1017

1018

1019

1020

1021

1022

1023

1024

1025

1026

1027

1028

1029

1030

1031

1032

1033

1034

1035

1036

1037

1038

1039

1040

1041

IV. SYNTHETIC SCHEMES

The compounds of formulae (I and II) may be readily synthesized from commercially available starting materials using methods known in the art. Exemplary synthetic routes to produce compounds of formulae (I and II), are provided below in Preparations A-F and Schemes 1-10. For simplicity of illustration, schemes 1-11 depict only a single R₁ substituent on the fused phenyl ring of formulae I and II, the compounds of this invention may include 1 to 4 R₁ substituents on the fused phenyl ring.

Scheme 1 below depicts general conditions for the synthesis of compounds of formula (I).

The reaction of amine 1a with an appropriate aldehyde or ketone under reductive amination conditions (step a), typically using NaBH(OAc)₃ in DCE/AcOH/TEA at room temperature, may be used to provide the desired compounds of formula I. For less reactive ketones, more forcing conditions may be used. For example, the treatment of the amine 1a and the ketone in a neat solution of Ti(O^(i)Pr)₄, followed by treatment with NaBH₄ in MeOH, may be used to provide the desired compounds of formula I. See Abdel-Magid, A. F. et al., “Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones with Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride. Studies on Direct and Indirect Reductive Amination Procedures,” J. Org. Chem., 61, pp. 3849-3862 (1996) and the references sited therein.

Alternatively, the spiroamine of type 1a may be alkylated with an alkyl halide in the presence of an appropriate base to provide the desired compounds of formula I. Typically, the amine 1a is reacted with an alkyl iodide, bromide, or chloride in the presence of an appropriate base to yield compounds of formula I. Bases may be organic such as triethylamine, or inorganic such as Na₂CO₃ or Cs₂CO₃. Typical reaction solvents include but are not limited to DMF, acetone, and acetonitrile.

Scheme 2 illustrates alternative conditions for the synthesis of compounds of formula I in which Z₁ is —C(H)₂— and R₂ and R₃ are hydrogen (Synthetic route A), or in which Z₁ is —C(O)— (Synthetic route B).

Compounds of type 2a in Scheme 2 may be prepared using procedures as described in Evans, B. E, et al., J. Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 3919 and M. S. Chambers J. Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 2033. Intermediate compounds may be produced from compound of type i using the following conditions: (a) KMnO₄ oxidation, TBAB, aqueous KOH (b) NaH, X—R₂ and/or X—R₃, THF (c) when PG is Cbz or Bz, ammonium formate, MeOH, Pd/C, room temperature or heat; or Pd/C, MeOH, H₂; or if PG=Boc, then TFA, CH₂Cl₂, −10° C.; (d) NaBH(OAC)₃, DCE, AcOH, TEA, appropriate ketone or aldehyde; or i. neat Ti(O^(i)Pr)₄, appropriate ketone; ii. NaBH₄, MeOH; or the appropriate alkyl halide, Cs₂CO₃, acetonitrile, heat.

Scheme 3 illustrates alternative conditions for the synthesis of compounds of formula I in which Z₁ is —O— and R₂ and R₃ are hydrogen.

Amines of type 3e in Scheme 3 were prepared using procedures analogous to those found in the following references: WO 96/11934 “Tricyclic spiro compounds process for their preparation” and US006013652A “Spiro-substituted azacyclics as neurokinin antagonists”. Conditions: (a) Ph₃P/DEAD (b) Bu₃SnH, AIBN (c) ammonium formate, MeOH, Pd/C, room temperature or heat; or Pd/C, MeOH, H₂; or if PG=Boc, then TFA, CH₂Cl₂, −10° C.; (d) NaBH(OAc)₃, DCE, AcOH, TEA, appropriate ketone or aldehyde; or i. neat Ti(O^(i)Pr)₄, appropriate ketone; ii. NaBH₄, MeOH; or the appropriate alkyl halide, Cs₂CO₃, acetonitrile, heat.

Scheme 4 illustrates alternative conditions for the synthesis of compounds of formula I in which Z₁ is —N(Q1)- and R₂ and R₃ are hydrogen.

Amines of type i in Scheme 4 may be prepared from methods known in the art and by using procedures analogous to those found in the following references: WO 03/106457 “Spiroindolinepiperidine Derivatives”; Maligres, P. E., et al., Tetrahedron, 1997, 53, 10983-10992; Cheng, Y. and Chapman, K. T., Tet. Lett. 1997, 38, 1497-1500; US006013652A “Spiro-substituted azacyclics as neurokinin antagonists”. Conditions: (a) amine protection orthoganol to PG₁; (b) amine deprotection of PG₁ (e.g. PG₁=Boc: TFA, CH₂Cl₂, −10° C.); (c) NaBH(OAc)₃, DCE, AcOH, TEA, appropriate ketone or aldehyde; or i. neat Ti(OiPr)₄, appropriate ketone; ii. NaBH₄, MeOH; or the appropriate alkyl halide, Cs₂CO₃, acetonitrile, heat; (d) Q₂X (Q₂ may be, for example, H and aliphatic, X is halogen), K₂CO₃, DMF/THF, RT to 60° C.; or electrophile (e.g. RSO₂Cl, RCOCl, ROC(═O)Cl, where R is H or Q₂, TEA, CH₃CN.

Reaction of i with intermediate under palladium cross coupling conditions (step a) Pd(dppf)Cl2 or (Ph₃P)₄Pd, 2M K₂CO₃, and acetonitrile under microwave irradiation at 150° C. for 10-20 minutes yields compound ii. Unsaturated compounds of type ii may be further elaborated (e.g. reduction; oxidation) to provide additional compounds of formula (I).

Scheme 6 illustrates alternative conditions for the synthesis of compounds of formula I in which Z₁ is —N(Q₁)-or —N(Q₂)-, R₂ and R₃ together form oxo, and p=1.

Compound i may be produced by methods disclosed above and by those known in the art. Intermediate compounds may be produced from compounds of type i using the following conditions: (a) NH₂OH.HCl; (b) 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine; (c) PG=Bn or Cbz; Ammonium formate, MeOH, Pd/C, room temperature; or Pd/C, MeOH, H₂; (d) NaBH(OAc)₃, DCE, AcOH, TEA, appropriate ketone or aldehyde; or i. neat Ti(OiPr)₄, appropriate ketone; ii. NaBH₄, MeOH; or the appropriate alkyl halide, Cs₂CO₃, acetonitrile, heat; (e) optional alkylation, NaH, THF, appropriate alkyl halide.

Scheme 7 illustrates alternative conditions for the synthesis of compounds of formula I in which Z₁ is —CH(Q₁)- and R₂ and R₃ are hydrogen.

Compound i may be produced by methods disclosed above and by those known in the art. Compounds ii through ix may be produced from compound i using the following conditions: (a) ZnCl₂ or other Lewis acid, (R)— or (S)-1-phenylethanamine, PhCH₃ reflux, Dean-Stark; (b) NaBH₄, MeOH, −30° C.; (c) Q₂′X (Q₂′ may be, for example, H and aliphatic, X is halogen), K₂CO₃, DMF/THF, RT to 60° C. (d) Ammonium formate, MeOH, Pd/C, room temperature; or Pd/C, MeOH, H₂; (e) electrophile (e.g. RSO₂Cl, RCOCl, ROC(═O)Cl, where R is H or alkyl, and Q₂″ is RSO₂—, RC(O)—, ROC(O)—, TEA, CH₃CN; (f) PG=Boc: TFA, CH₂Cl₂, −10° C.; (g) NaBH(OAc)₃, DCE, AcOH, TEA, appropriate ketone or aldehyde; or i. neat Ti(OiPr)₄, appropriate ketone; ii. NaBH₄, MeOH; or the appropriate alkyl halide, Cs₂CO₃, acetonitrile, heat.

Scheme 8 illustrates alternative conditions as example for the synthesis of compounds of formula I in which Ring G contains or is substituted with a protected functionality which may be either be retained, deprotected and retained, or deprotected and further elaborated to produce additional compounds of formula I.

Compound i may be produced by methods disclosed above and by those known in the art. Compounds ii through iv may be produced from compound i using the following conditions: (a) e.g. PG=ketal: AcOH/H₂O, heat; PG=Boc: TFA, CH₂Cl₂; (b) e.g. if ring G is substituted by oxo, the compound of formula I may be further elaborated to the oxime: NH₂—O-Q₂, pyridine; (c) e.g. if ring G contains or is substituted by —NH— or —N(Q₂)-, it may be elaborated with an appropriate electrophile to produce iv.

Scheme 9 illustrates alternative conditions for the synthesis of compounds of formula I in which Z₁ is —N(Q₁)- or —N(Q₂)-, and R₂ and R₃ are oxo, and p=0.

Compounds of type i may be purchased commercially or produced by methods known in the art. Conditions: (a) NaH/HMDS/THF; (b) e.g. PG=Bn: Pd(OH)₂; (c) NaBH(OAc)₃, DCE, AcOH, TEA, appropriate ketone or aldehyde; or i. neat Ti(OiPr)₄, appropriate ketone; ii. NaBH₄, MeOH; or the appropriate alkyl halide, Cs₂CO₃, acetonitrile, heat.

Scheme 10 outlines the general preparation of the appropriate aldehydes from the corresponding ketone.

Ketone electrophiles of type i may be purchased commercially or produced by methods disclosed above and by those known in the art. Aldehydes of type ii may be purchased commercially or produced from compounds of type i using the following conditions: (a) Ph₃P⁺CH₂OMeCl⁻, NaN(SiMe₃)₂; (b) aqueous HCl, CH₃CN. The following conditions may be used for the synthesis of compounds of formula I using ketones of type i and aldehydes of type ii: (c) Spiro-amine of type A (see Scheme 1), NaBH(OAc)₃, DCE, AcOH, TEA, appropriate ketone or aldehyde; or i. neat Ti(OiPr)₄, appropriate ketone; ii. NaBH₄, MeOH.

Scheme 11 illustrates conditions for the synthesis of compounds of formula I in which Z₁ is NH and Q₂ is aryl or heteroaryl.

V. FORMULATIONS, ADMINISTRATIONS, AND USES

The present invention includes within its scope pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of the compounds of the present invention. A “pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug” means any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, salt of an ester, or other derivative of a compound of the present invention which, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a compound of this invention or an active metabolite or residue thereof. Preferred prodrugs are those that increase the bioavailability of the compounds of this invention when such compounds are administered to a mammal or which enhance delivery of the parent compound to a biological compartment relative to the parent species.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle” refers to a non-toxic carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle that does not destroy the pharmacological activity of the compound with which it is formulated. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants or vehicles that may be used in the compositions of this invention include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat.

Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include those derived from pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic and organic acids and bases. Examples of suitable acid salts include acetate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, citrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, glycolate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oxalate, palmoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, salicylate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate and undecanoate. Other acids, such as oxalic, while not in themselves pharmaceutically acceptable, may be employed in the preparation of salts useful as intermediates in obtaining the compounds of the invention and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts.

Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal (e.g., sodium and potassium), alkaline earth metal (e.g., magnesium), ammonium and N⁺(C₁₋₄ alkyl)₄ salts. This invention also envisions the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups of the compounds disclosed herein. Water or oil-soluble or dispersible products may be obtained by such quaternization.

The compositions of the present invention may be administered orally, parenterally, by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally or via an implanted reservoir. The term “parenteral” as used herein includes subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-articular, intra-synovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intrahepatic, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques. Preferably, the compositions are administered orally, intraperitoneally or intravenously. Sterile injectable forms of the compositions of this invention may be aqueous or oleaginous suspension. These suspensions may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.

For this purpose, any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or di-glycerides. Fatty acids, such as oleic acid and its glyceride derivatives are useful in the preparation of injectables, as are natural pharmaceutically-acceptable oils, such as olive oil or castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions. These oil solutions or suspensions may also contain a long-chain alcohol diluent or dispersant, such as carboxymethyl cellulose or similar dispersing agents that are commonly used in the formulation of pharmaceutically acceptable dosage forms including emulsions and suspensions. Other commonly used surfactants, such as Tweens, Spans and other emulsifying agents or bioavailability enhancers which are commonly used in the manufacture of pharmaceutically acceptable solid, liquid, or other dosage forms may also be used for the purposes of formulation.

The pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention may be orally administered in any orally acceptable dosage form including, but not limited to, capsules, tablets, aqueous suspensions or solutions. In the case of tablets for oral use, carriers commonly used include lactose and corn starch. Lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added. For oral administration in a capsule form, useful diluents include lactose and dried cornstarch. When aqueous suspensions are required for oral use, the active ingredient is combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening, flavoring or coloring agents may also be added.

Alternatively, the pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention may be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration. These can be prepared by mixing the agent with a suitable non-irritating excipient that is solid at room temperature but liquid at rectal temperature and therefore will melt in the rectum to release the drug. Such materials include cocoa butter, beeswax and polyethylene glycols.

The pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention may also be administered topically, especially when the target of treatment includes areas or organs readily accessible by topical application, including diseases of the eye, the skin, or the lower intestinal tract. Suitable topical formulations are readily prepared for each of these areas or organs.

Topical application for the lower intestinal tract can be effected in a rectal suppository formulation (see above) or in a suitable enema formulation. Topically-transdermal patches may also be used.

For topical applications, the pharmaceutically acceptable compositions may be formulated in a suitable ointment containing the active component suspended or dissolved in one or more carriers. Carriers for topical administration of the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, liquid petrolatum, white petrolatum, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene compound, emulsifying wax and water. Alternatively, the pharmaceutically acceptable compositions can be formulated in a suitable lotion or cream containing the active components suspended or dissolved in one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 60, cetyl esters wax, cetearyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, benzyl alcohol and water.

For ophthalmic use, the pharmaceutically acceptable compositions may be formulated as micronized suspensions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, or, preferably, as solutions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, either with or without a preservative such as benzylalkonium chloride. Alternatively, for ophthalmic uses, the pharmaceutically acceptable compositions may be formulated in an ointment such as petrolatum.

The pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention may also be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation. Such compositions are prepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other conventional solubilizing or dispersing agents.

Most preferably, the pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention are formulated for oral administration.

The amount of the compounds of the present invention that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a composition in a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated, the particular mode of administration. Preferably, the compositions should be formulated so that a dosage of between 0.01-100 mg/kg body weight/day of the modulator can be administered to a patient receiving these compositions.

It should also be understood that a specific dosage and treatment regimen for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors, including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, and the judgment of the treating physician and the severity of the particular disease being treated. The amount of a compound of the present invention in the composition will also depend upon the particular compound in the composition.

Depending upon the particular condition, or disease, to be treated or prevented, additional therapeutic agents, which are normally administered to treat or prevent that condition, may also be present in the compositions of this invention. As used herein, additional therapeutic agents that are normally administered to treat or prevent a particular disease, or condition, are known as “appropriate for the disease, or condition, being treated.”

According to a preferred embodiment, the compounds of formulae (I and II) are selective modulators of M₁, M₂ and M₄. More preferably, the compounds of formulae (I and II) are selective modulators of M₁ and/or M₄. Yet more preferably, certain compounds of formulae (I and II) are selective modulators of M₁. Or, preferably, certain compounds of formulae (I and II) are selective modulators of M₄.

Applicants believe that the ability of the compounds of the present invention to modulate the activity of muscarinic receptors is derived from the affinity of these compounds to the muscarinic receptors. Such affinity, applicants believe, activates a muscarinic receptor (i.e., an agonist) or inhibits the activity of a muscarinic receptor.

The term “selective” as used herein means a measurably greater ability to modulate one muscarinic receptor subtype when compared to the other muscarinic receptor subtypes. E.g., the term “selective M₄ agonist” means a compound that has a measurably greater ability to act as an M₄ agonist when compared to that compound's agonist activity with the other muscarinic receptor subtype(s).

According to an alternative embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating a muscarinic receptor mediated disease in a mammal, such as a human, including the step of administering to said mammal a composition comprising a compound of formulae I and II, or an embodiment thereof as set forth herein.

According to another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating a disease mediated by a muscarinic receptor including the step of administering to said mammal a composition comprising a compound of formulae (I and II), or other embodiments thereof as set forth above. Preferably, said disease is mediated by M₁, or said disease is mediated by M₄.

According to yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating or reducing the severity of a disease in a patient, wherein said disease is selected from CNS derived pathologies including cognitive disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), obesity, Alzheimer's disease, various dementias such as vascular dementia, psychosis including schizophrenia, mania, bipolar disorders, pain conditions including acute and chronic syndromes, Huntington's Chorea, Friederich's ataxia, Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome, Downs Syndrome, Pick disease, clinical depression, sudden infant death syndrome, Parkinson's disease, peripheral disorders such as reduction of intra ocular pressure in Glaucoma and treatment of dry eyes and dry mouth including Sjögren's Syndrome, wherein said method comprises the step of contacting said patient with a compound according to the present invention.

According to an alternative embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating or reducing the severity of a disease in a patient, wherein said disease is selected from pain, psychosis (including schizophrenia, hallucinations, and delusions), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, glaucoma, bradhycardia, gastric acid secretion, asthma, or GI disturbances.

According to a preferred embodiment, the present invention is useful for treating or reducing the severity of psychosis, Alzheimer's disease, pain, or Parkinson's disease.

All references cited within this document are incorporated herein by reference.

VII. PREPARATIONS AND EXAMPLES

In order that the invention described herein may be more fully understood, the following examples are set forth. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting this invention in any manner.

Preparation A: Synthesis of N-(ethoxycarbonyl)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-carbaldehyde

Sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (6 mmol, 6 mL of 1 M solution in THF) was added to a suspension of 2.06 g (6.0 mmol) of methoxymethyltriphenylphosphonium chloride in 6 mL of THF at 0° C. under argon. After stirring at 0° C. for 15 min, the resulting dark red solution was added via syringe to a solution of 0.79 g (4.0 mmol) of N-(ethoxycarbonyl)tropinone (6) in 8 mL of THF at 0° C. and then stirred at room temerature for 4 h (an orange color persisted). The reaction mixture was quenched by adding sat. aq. NaCl (15 mL) and then extracted with ether (25 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄. The solid residue obtained after solvent evaporation was loaded onto a short silica gel column (3.5 cm×4 cm) to remove the phosphorous impurities. The product was eluted with ether. After the solvent was evaporated, the product enol ether was obtained as a brown oil which was used in the next step without further purification.

The enol ether intermediate was dissolved in a solution of 12 mL of 2 N HCl and 20 mL of acetonitrile, and stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After removing the acetonitrile on a rotary evaporator, the aqueous solution was extracted with ether (25 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were washed with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ (15 mL×2), sat. aq. NaCl (15 mL) and then dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solution was evaporated to dryness, the residue was purified by chromatography (SiO₂, 10%-20% EtOAc in Hexane as eluent). N-(ethoxycarbonyl)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-carbaldehyde was obtained as a colorless oil in an approximately 1:1 ratio of endo and exo isomers (77%). ESI-MS m/z 212.1 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.53 (s, 1H), 4.54 (br s, 1H), 4.38 (br s, 1H), 4.16 (m, 2H), 2.72 (m, 2H), 2.38 (s, 1H), 2.32 (s, 1H), 2.10 (m, 3H), 1.69 (m, 2H), 1.29 (m, 3H).

Preparation B: Synthesis of bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbaldehyde

Bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbaldehyde was prepared using an analogous procedure as for Intermediate 1 from commercially available bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one. The crude products were used in the next step without further purification.

Preparation C: Synthesis of 7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbaldehyde

To a stirred solution of furan (9) (15 mL, 200 mmol) and acrolein (13) (6.7 mL, 100 mmol) in DCM (25 mL) was slowly added AlCl₃ (666 mg, 5 mmol) under argon at −43° C. (dry ice/isopropanol bath). The reaction mixture was stirred at −43° C. under argon for 30 min, and then quenched with sat. aq. K₂CO₃ (50 mL). After the reaction mixture was gradually warmed to room temperature, it was extracted with ether (200 mL×5). The combined ether extracts were washed with sat. aq. K₂CO₃ (200 mL×2) and sat. aq. NaCl (200 mL×2), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give an oily crude product 7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbaldehyde which was used in the next step without further purification. See references Laszlo, P.; Lucchetti, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 4387-4388. Moore, J. A., Partain, E. M. III. J Org Chem. 1983, 48, 1105-1106. Dauben, W. G.; Krabbenhoft, H. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 1992-1993. Nelson, W. L.; Allen, D. R.; Vincenzi, F. F. J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 698-702.

To a stirred solution of crude product 7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbaldehyde (2.6 g. 20 mmol) in 95% EtOH (200 mL) was added 10% Pd—C (0.25 g) at room temperature under argon. The mixture was shaken on a Parr hydrogenation apparatus for 4 h at room temperature under 30 psi of hydrogen. After the Pd catalyst was removed by filtration through a Celite pad, the Celite was washed with MeOH (15 mL×2), the combined extracts were concentrated under vacuum to yield a crude 7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbaldehyde as a pale yellow oil, which was used in the next step without further purification.

Preparation D: Synthesis of ethyl 4-formylpiperidine-1-carboxylate

1.0 eq 4-piperidinemethanol (10.00 g, 86.8 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (350 mL), cooled in an ice-H₂O bath and treated dropwise with a solution of 1.05 eq ethyl chloroformate (9.89 g, 91.1 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL), followed by the dropwise addition of a solution of 1.0 eq triethylamine (8.78 g) in dichloromethane (50 mL). The reaction was stirred at ˜0° C. for 15 minutes, then at room temperature for 10 minutes. The reaction was diluted with dichloromethane (250 mL) and washed successively with (150 mL each) H₂O, 0.1 N HCl (aq) (×2), saturated brine, then dried (Na₂SO₄) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford 15.60 g ethyl 4-(hydroxymethyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylate as a viscous, pale bluish-green oil. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 4.15 (br m, 2H), 4.09 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.46 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.72 (br t, J=12.4 Hz, 2H), 2.07 (s, 1H), 1.70 (m, 2H), 1.63 (m, 1H), 1.23 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.12 (m, 2H); t_(R)=1.56 min [10-99% CH₃CN gradient over 5 mins with 0.1% TFA (aq)]; Theoretical (M+H)⁺m/z for C₉H₁₇NO₃=188.1; Found 188.0.

A solution of 1.2 eq oxalyl chloride (12.69 g, 0.10 mol) in dichloromethane (150 mL) was cooled to approximately −78° C. and treated dropwise, under nitrogen, with a solution of 2.4 eq anhydrous dimethylsulfoxide (15.63 g, 0.20 mol) in dichloromethane (50 mL). 15 minutes after the addition was complete, a solution of 1.0 eq ethyl 4-(hydroxymethyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylate (15.60 g, 83.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was added dropwise. 30 minutes after the addition was complete, a solution of 3.0 eq triethylamine (25.30 g, 0.25 mol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was added dropwise and the reaction warmed to room temperature. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, then quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate (500 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer extracted once with dichloromethane (200 mL). The pooled organic layers were washed with H₂O (3×100 mL), saturated sodium bicarbonate (1×100 mL) and saturated brine, then dried (Na₂SO₄) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford 13.84 g ethyl 4-formylpiperidine-1-carboxylate as a viscous amber oil. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.64 (s, 1H), 4.10 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.00 (br m, 2H), 2.97 (m, 2H), 2.40 (m, 1H), 1.87 (br m, 2H), 1.54 (m, 2H), 1.23 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H).

Preparation E: Synthesis of ethyl 4-formyl-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate

Diisopropylamine (3.14 mL; 22.23 mmol; 1.1 eq.) was dissolved in THF (60 mL) and cooled to −78° C. Butyl lithium (2.5 M in hexane; 8.89 mL; 22.23 mmol; 1.1 eq.) was then added and the solution was stirred for 30 minutes at −78° C. Ethyl 1-benzylpiperidine-4-carboxylate (5 g; 20.21 mmol; 1 eq.) was dissolved in THF (40 mL) and added to the LDA solution at −78° C. The solution was stirred at −78° C. for 30 minutes and iodomethane (1.32 mL; 21.22 mmol; 1.05 eq.) was added. The solution was slowly warmed to room temperature and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Water (100 mL) was then added to the reaction followed by EtOAc (50 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the product as an oil. The product was analytically pure and used without further purification. LC/MS m/z (M+1) 262.0, Retention time 1.78 minutes; (10-99% CH₃CN—H₂O gradient with 0.03% TFA, 5 min). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.24-7.14 (m, 5H), 4.08 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (s, 2H), 2.60-2.57 (m, 2H), 2.08-2.02 (m, 4H), 1.47-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.17 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.10 (s, 3H).

1-Benzyl-4-methylpiperidine-4-carboxylate (5.0 g; 19.15 mmol) was dissolved in Et₂O (50 mL) and cooled to 0° C. LiAlH₄ (1.0 g; 26.3 mmol) was slowly added portion-wise to the solution. After the addition was complete, the solution was slowly warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. The solution was then cooled to 0° C. and slowly quenched with 1N NaOH (6 mL). The resultant white precipitates were filtered and washed with EtOAc (100 mL). The combined organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the product as an oil that was used without further purification. LC/MS m/z M+1 220.0, retention time 0.64 minutes; (10-99% CH₃CN—H₂O gradient with 0.03% TFA, 5 min). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.25-7.16 (m, 5H), 3.46 (s, 2H), 3.30 (d, J=3.9 Hz, 2H), 2.51-2.46 (m, 2H), 2.26-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.45 (m, 3H), 1.30-1.25 (m, 2H), 0.87 (s, 3H).

(1-benzyl-4-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methanol (3.9 g; 17.8 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (50 mL) and NH₄CO₂H (12.5 g; 178.0 mmol) was added. Pd/C (10% by weight, wet; 5.5 g) was then added and the system was flushed with nitrogen and then with hydrogen. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight (18 hours) and then filtered through a pad of Celite. The solvent was removed under high vacuum to provide a solid that was a mixture of the amino alcohol and NH₄CO₂H. The crude product (2.4 g as a mixture with NH₄COOH) was used in the next step without further purification. LC/MS m/z (M+1) 130.0, retention time 0.35 min; (10-99% CH₃CN—H₂O gradient with 0.03% TFA, 5 min). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 3.17 (s, 2H), 3.03-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.95-2.88 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.31 (m, 2H), 0.89 (s, 3H).

(4-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methanol (2.4 g, a mixture of the amino alcohol and NH₄CO₂H) was suspended in DCM (70 mL). Et₃N (5 mL; 37.2 mmol) was then added followed by the drop-wise addition of ethyl chloroformate (1.05 mL, 13 mmol, 1.4 eq.). After 1 hour at room temperature, 1N HCl (70 mL) was added and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (70 mL) and the combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated under high vacuum. The product is obtained as an analytically pure oil and used without further purification. LC/MS m/z (M+1) 202.2, retention time 1.89 minutes; (10-99% CH₃CN—H₂O gradient with 0.03% TFA, 5 min). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 4.05 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.66 (dt, J=13.6, 4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.32 (s, 2H), 3.11 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.11 (dd, J=23.9, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 1.44-1.37 (m, 3H), 1.26-1.22 (m, 2H), 1.19 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 0.93 (s, 3H).

To a 100 mL round bottom flask was added DCM (30 mL) and oxalyl chloride (0.88 mL; 10.13 mmol). The solution was cooled to −78° C. and treated with DMSO (1.19 mL; 16.88 mmol). The solution was stirred at −78° C. for 20 minutes and then treated with ethyl 4-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (1.7 g; 8.44 mmol, dissolved in 10 mL of DCM). The solution was stirred for 30 minutes at −78° C. and then treated with Et₃N (3.53 mL; 25.32 mmol). The solution was stirred at −78° C. for 20 min and then slowly warmed to room temperature and stirred at room temperature for an additional 2 hours. The solution was then treated with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (50 mL), diluted with DCM (50 mL), and the layers were separated. The organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the product as an oil that was used without further purification. LC/MS m/z (M+1) 200.0, retention time 2.23 minutes; (10-99% CH₃CN—H₂O gradient with 0.03% TFA, 5 min). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.40 (s, 1H), 4.06 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.66 (dt, J=13.6, 4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.09 (dd, J=10.1, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 3.06 (dd, J=10.2, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 1.86 (dt, J=13.6, 4.4 Hz, 2H), 1.42-1.30 (m, 2H), 1.19 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.02 (s, 3H).

Preparation F: Synthesis of benzyl 4-oxotropane-N-carboxylate

Tropinone (10.0 g; 71.84 mmol) was dissolved in DCE (60 mL) and treated drop-wise with 1-chloroethyl chloroformate ACE-Cl (14.5 mL; 19.11 g; 133.7 mmol). The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight and was then diluted with Et₂O (400 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the crude chloroethyl carbamate. This compound was taken in MeOH (200 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 1 h, then concentrated under reduced pressure (at 55° C.) to provide the crude des-methyltropinone as the HCl salt (tan solid). The crude material was recrystallized from acetonitrile to furnish the pure product as a white crystalline solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.79 (dd, J=15.0, 6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.09 (m, 2H), 2.40 (d, J=16.7 Hz, 2H), 3.02 (dd, J=17.1, 4.3 Hz, 2H), 4.23 (s, 2H), 10.00 (br s, 2H)

Des-methyl tropinone (5.10 g; 31.55 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL) and treated with benzyl chloroformate (4.29 mL; 5.11 g; 29.98 mmol) DIPEA (16.48 mL; 12.23 g; 94.66 mmol) was added drop-wise (exothermic reaction). The resulting clear solution was allowed to stir at room temperature for 30 min and was subsequently diluted with 100 mL CH₂Cl₂. The organic phase was washed with 1 N HCl (2×100 mL), dried on Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to provide the crude product. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.71 (dd, J=15.0, 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.12 (m, 2H), 2.38 (d, J=15.9 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (m, 2H), 4.62 (s, 2H), 5.22 (s, 2H), 7.38 (m, 5H).

Preparation G: Synthesis of 5-chloro-3-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole

Dry chlorine gas was bubbled into CS₂ (1000 mL, containing about 1.0 g of iodine) at 5° C. for 48 hours. The excess CS₂ was evaporated and the residue was fractionally distilled to give perchloromethyl mercaptan (bp 144-145° C./1 atm, 300 g, 10%). ¹³C-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 96.69 (1 C).

To a mixture of perchloromethyl mercaptan (60 g, 323 mmol) and acetamidine hydrochloride (30.6 g, 323 mmol) in dichloromethane(200 mL) was added dropwise a solution of NaOH (64.8 g in water (200 mL) at −5° C. The resulting mixture was stirred at −5° C. for 30 min and then allowed to warm to room temperature. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (30 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with water (50 mL×2) and brine (100 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was removed. The residue was distilled under reduced pressure to give 5-chloro-3-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole (bp 70° C./0.85 Mpa, 18 g, 41.8%). ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 2.59 (s, 3H).

Preparation H: Synthesis of 1-(3-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)piperidin-4-one

To a mixture of piperidin-4-one HCl salt (4.08 g, 30 mmol) and Et₃N (20 mL, 78.6 mmol) in EtOH (50 mL) was added 5-chloro-3-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole (4.05 g, 30 mmol). The mixture was heated to reflux for 1.5 hours and then concentrated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc. The solution was washed with water (30 mL×3) and brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to dryness. The residue was recrystalled from ether to give 1-(3-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)piperidin-4-one (510 mg, 8.6%). ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 3.86 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 4H), 2.62 (t, J=6.3, Hz, 4H), 2.44 (s, 3H).

Preparation I: Synthesis of 1-(3-ethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)piperidin-4-one

1-(3-ethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)piperidin-4-one was made in a manner analogous to that found in Preparation B in 54% yield. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 3.95 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 4H), 2.84 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.68 (t J=6.4, Hz, 4H), 1.36 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H).

Preparation J: Synthesis of 5-chloro-1,2,4-thiadiazole

5-chloro-1,2,4-thiadiazole was made in a manner analogous to that found in Preparation A in 36% yield after distillation (bp 124° C./1 atm). ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.45 (s, 1H).

Preparation K: Synthesis of 1-(1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)piperidin-4-one

1-(1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)piperidin-4-one was made in a manner analogous to that found in Preparation B in 9% yield. ¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.00 (s, 1H), 3.92 (t, J=4.5 Hz, 4H), 2.65 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 4H).

Preparation L: Synthesis of 5-chloro-2,3-dimethylpyrazine

A mixture of 2,3-dimethylpyrazine (25 g, 0.23 mol) and 30% H₂O₂ (52.4 g, 0.46 mol) in acetic acid (74 mL) was stirred for two days at 35° C. The solvent was removed under vacuum. Water was added and the mixture evaporated again. The residue was basified with aqueous K₂CO₃ and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phases were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The resulting solid combined from two batches was recrystallized from cyclohexane to give 2,3-dimethylpyrazine 1-oxide (27 g, 47%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 300 MHz) δ 8.18 (d, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 2.48 (s, 3H).

2,3-Dimethyl-pyrazine 1-oxide (25 g, 0.2 mol) was dissolved in POCl₃ (200 mL) under cooling. The mixture was gradually heated to reflux and stirred for 2 hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture was poured onto ice, basified to pH 8 with a saturated KOH solution under cooling and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organics were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The residue was purified by column (P.E./EtOAc 100:1-60:1) to obtain 5-chloro-2,3-dimethylpyrazine. ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 300 MHz) δ 8.31 (s, 1H), 2.53 (s, 6H). MS (ESI) m/e (M+H⁺) 143.2.

Preparation M: Synthesis of (S)-tert-butyl 3-formylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate

A mixture of itaconic acid (6.5 g, 50 mmol) and S-(−)-α-methylbenzylamine (6.05 g, 50 mmol) was heated at 160° C. (oil bath) for 4 hours. Upon cooling, methanol (25 mL) was added and the resulting solid was collected by filtration. The solid was treated with ethanol (75 mL) and warmed using a steam bath until ˜40 mL solvent remained. After cooling to room temperature, the solid was collected and dried to afford (S)-5-oxo-1-((S)-1-phenylethyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid as a white crystalline solid. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.6 (br s, 1H), 7.23-7.36 (m, 5H), 5.21 (q, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.43-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.11-3.19 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.58 (m, 2H), 1.43 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 3H).

(S)-5-oxo-1-((S)-1-phenylethyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid (1.16 g, 5 mmol) was treated with CH₃OH/HCl (10 mL, 1 M) for 3 h. The excess CH₃OH/HCl was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was basified with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ to pH 8. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The combined organics were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated under reduced pressure to give (S)-methyl 5-oxo-1-((S)-1-phenylethyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate, which was used directly in the next step. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.24-7.37 (m, 5H), 5.48 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.51-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.03-3.21 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.79 (m, 2H), 1.53 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

To a suspension of LAH (20 g, 0.526 mol) in dried THF (400 mL) was added dropwise a solution of (S)-methyl 5-oxo-1-((S)-1-phenylethyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate,(50 g, 0.202 mol) in dried THF (50 mL) at 0° C. The mixture was heated to reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and treated with water (20 mL) and aqueous NaOH (10%, 20 mL). The slurry formed was filtered off and washed with THF. The combined filtrate was evaporated to give compound ((S)-1-((S)-1-phenylethyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)methanol, which was used directly in the next step.

To a solution of ((S)-1-((S)-1-phenylethyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)methanol (42.2 g, 0.194 mol) and (Boc)₂O (69.4 g, 0.292 mol) in methanol (300 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂/C (5 g). The resultant mixture was heated to 50° C. at 50 psi under H₂ and stirred overnight then cooled to room temperature. Pd(OH)₂/C was filtered and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a residue which was purified by column chromatography (P.E./EtOAc 5:1) to give (S)-tert-butyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 3.60-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.29-3.52 (m, 3H), 3.07-3.13 (m, 1H), 2.37-2.42 (m, 1H), 1.94-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.45 (s, 9H).

To a solution of oxalyl chloride (22.17 g, 0.176 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL) was added dropwise a solution of DMSO (20.59 g, 0.264 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL) at −78° C. The mixture was stirred for 0.5 hours at this temperature. A solution of (S)-tert-butyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (11.8 g, 58.7 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture at −78° C. The mixture was continued to stir for 1 hour at that temperature. Et₃N (29.7 g, 0.294 mol) was added at −78° C. The resultant mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 hours. The mixture was poured into saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and shaken. The organic layer was separated, washed twice with water, dried and evaporated to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography (P.E./EtOAc 5:1) to give (S)-tert-butyl 3-formylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 300 MHz): δ 9.68 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.67-3.68 (m, 1H), 3.51-3.55 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.99-3.04 (m, 1H), 2.04-2.18 (m, 2H), 1.46 (s, 9H).

Preparation N: Synthesis of (R)-tert-butyl 3-formylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate

(R)-tert-butyl 3-formylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate was synthesized in a manner analogous to that of (S)-tert-butyl 3-formylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate above by using the R-(+)-α-methyl benzylamine chiral auxillary. Intermediates are characterized below:

(R)-5-oxo-1-((R)-1-phenylethyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.6 (br s, 1H), 7.25-7.36 (m, 5H), 5.21 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.43-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.08-3.19 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.58 (m, 2H), 1.43 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

(R)-methyl 5-oxo-1-((R)-1-phenylethyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate: ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.23-7.35 (m, 5H), 5.47 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.50-3.55 (m, 1H), 3.02-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.78 (m, 2H), 1.51 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

Preparation O: Synthesis of 1-benzylazocan-5-one

A mixture of benzylamine (83.7 g, 0.78 mol), 4-bromo-butyric acid ethyl ester (304.6 g, 1.56 mol) and K₂CO₃ (215.8 g, 1.56 mol) in anhydrous EtOH (970 mL) was refluxed overnight. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated and dissolved into dichloromethane, which was washed with water, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatoghraphy (P.E.) to provide diethyl 4,4′-(benzylazanediyl)dibutanoate (123 g, 47%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.16-7.22 (m, 5H), 4.03 (q, J=7.2, 14.4 Hz, 4H), 3.47 (s, 2H), 2.36 (br s, 4H), 2.24 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 4H), 1.71 (br s, 4H), 1.17 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 6H).

To a stirred boiling slurry made from potassium (1.28 g, 32.8 mmol) and t-BuOH (2.43 g, 32.8 mmol) in xylene (182.5 mL) under N₂ was added diethyl 4,4′-(benzylazanediyl)dibutanoate (5 g, 14.9 mmol) over 5 hours in xylene (37.25 mL). The mixture was stirred and heated at reflux for 1 hour. After being cooled, the reaction mixture was neuturalized with 6N HCl (100 mL) and then was extracted with 6N HCl (3×50 mL). The combined acid solutions were filtered and the filtrate was heated under reflux for 1 hour. After cooling, the mixture was basified with concentrated KOH solution to pH 10 with cooling and extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organics were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give a residue. Another 17 batches were done in parallel. The combined residue from 18 batches was purified together by column (P.E./EtOAc 5:1) to give 1-benzylazocan-5-one. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz)δ 7.30-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.21-7.25 (m, 3H), 3.56 (s, 2H), 2.55 (t, J=6.0, 4H), 2.24 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 4H), 1.86-1.91 (m, 4H).

Example 1

To a solution of compound N-Boc Spiroindane 1a (60.0 g, 0.21 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1000 mL) was added H₂O (500 mL), TBAB (6.9 g, 0.02 mol) and KOH (3.5 g, 0.06 mol) and followed by addition of KMnO₄ (70.0 g, 0.45 mol) in several portions. After stirring for two days at 35° C., another quantity of KMnO₄ (70.0 g, 0.45 mol) was added and the mixture was continued to stir for 2 days. After Na₂SO₃ (103.0 g, 1.0 mol) was added in portions at 5° C., the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and evaporated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography (PE/EtOAc: 5/1) to yield 1b. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 7.74-7.72 (m, 1H), 7.66-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.62-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.49-7.38 (m, 1H), 4.22-4.20 (m, 2H), 2.89-2.82 (m, 2H), 2.63 (s, 2H), 2.02-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.56-1.52 (m, 2H), 1.49 (s, 9H). MS (ESI) m/z (M+H⁺) 246.0/202.1.

Boc-protected starting material 1b (400.0 mg; 1.33 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (1.5 mL) and treated with TFA (1.5 mL). The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 h and was then quenched by adding H₂O (5 mL) and Et₂O (7 mL). The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was brought to a basic pH by addition of solid KOH. The resulting emulsion was extracted with Et₂O (3×10 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried on Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to yield the desired product 1c as a colorless oil that solidifies upon standing. LC/MS m/z 202.2 [M+H]⁺, retention time 0.72 min (10-99% CH₃CN—H₂O gradient with 0.03% TFA, 5 min).

Intermediate 1c (40 mg; 0.2 mmol) was suspended in DCE (1 mL) and treated with (1R,2R,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbaldehyde (31 mg; 0.26 mmol; 1.300 eq.) in DCE (0.5 mL), followed by portion-wise addition of NaBH(OAc)₃ (127 mg; 0.6 mmol) The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 h and was then quenched with MeOH (1 mL) and allowed to stir for another 30 min. The crude reaction mixture was purified by HPLC (10-99% CH₃CN gradient with 0.03% TFA, 15 min) to provide the purified compound no. 237. LC/MS m/z 308.2 [M+H]⁺, retention time 2.08 (10-99% CH₃CN—H₂O gradient with 0.03% TFA, 5 min). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.47 (br s, 1H), 7.81-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 7.53-7.49 (m, 1H), 6.27 (dd, J=5.7, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.05 (dd, J=5.7, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (t, J=12.7 Hz, 3H), 3.11-2.90 (m, 4H), 2.85-2.74 (m, 4H), 2.29 (t, J=13.0 Hz, 2H), 2.05-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.76 (d, J=14.2 Hz, 2H), 1.39-1.35 (m, 1H), 1.29 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 0.71-0.66 (m, 1H).

Example 2

1.0 eq of the Boc-protected spiroindanone 2a (2.06 g, 6.84 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) and added drop-wise, under nitrogen, to an ice-cold (˜0° C.) suspension of 2.2 eq sodium hydride (600 mg, 60% dispersion in mineral oil, 15.0 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). A solution of 10.0 eq iodomethane (9.71 g, 68.4 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) was then added drop-wise over 20 min. The reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 2 hours under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and slowly treated with H₂O (25 mL). The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×50 mL) and the pooled extracts washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate and saturated brine, then dried (Na₂SO₄) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford crude product 2b as a viscous, pale yellow oil. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, acetone-d₆) δ 7.90 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (m, 2H), 7.49 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.75 (m, 2H), 3.56 (br m, 2H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.64 (br m, 2H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.12 (s, 6H); t_(R)=3.50 min [10-99% CH₃CN gradient over 5 min with 0.1% TFA (aq)]; Theoretical (M+H)⁺m/z for C₂₀H₂₇NO₃=330.2; Found 330.2.

The gem-dimethyl spiroindanone 2b (379 mg, 1.15 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (2.5 mL), cooled in an ice-H₂O bath and treated slowly with trifluoroacetic acid (2.5 mL). The reaction was stirred for 30 min at ˜0° C., then concentrated under reduced pressure. The oil obtained was dissolved in acetonitrile and re-concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude TFA salt was treated with 1.0 N NaOH (5 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×30 mL). The pooled extracts were washed with H₂O and saturated brine, then dried (Na₂SO₄) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford 210 mg of the crude free base 2c as a colorless semi-solid. t_(R)=1.52 min [10-99% CH₃CN gradient over 5 min with 0.1% TFA (aq)]; Theoretical (M+H)+m/z for C₁₅H₁₉NO=230.2; Found 230.2

The crude free base 2c (53 mg, 0.23 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane (1.0 mL) and treated with N-(carbethoxy)-4-tropinone (55 mg, 0.28 mmol), followed by titanium tetraisopropoxide (202 μL, 196 mg, 0.69 mmol). The vial was flushed with nitrogen and stirred at room temperature for 2.5 days. The reaction was diluted with methanol (1.0 mL), cooled in an ice-H₂O bath and treated with sodium borohydride (17 mg, 0.46 mmol). The reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred thereafter for 30 min. The reaction was then quenched with 1.0 N NaOH (750 μL), diluted with methanol (1.5 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 10 min. The suspension obtained was centrifuged (3K rpm, 10 min) and the supernatant concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained was dissolved in DMSO:methanol (1.5 mL, 1:1 v/v), filtered, and purified by reverse-phase HPLC (2-40% CH₃CN gradient over 10 min with 0.1% TFA (aq), 35 mL/min, 1.0 mL injected) to produce the compound no. 277 as a TFA salt. t_(R)=2.12 min [10-99% CH₃CN gradient over 5 min with 0.1% TFA (aq)]; Theoretical (M+H)⁺m/z for C₂₅H₃₄N₂O₃=411.3; Found 411.2.

Example 3

The starting Spiroindane 3a (45 mg, 0.2 mmol) was suspended in DCE (1 mL) and treated with (1S,2S,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbaldehyde (25 mg, 0.2 mmol) in DCE, followed by the addition of NaBH(OAc)₃ (63 mg, 0.3 mmol). The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 h and was then quenched with MeOH (0.5 mL) and allowed to stir for another 30 min (until gas evolution stopped). The crude reaction mixture was filtered, then purified by HPLC (10-99% CH₃CN/0.05% TFA gradient) to yield compound no. 312. LC/MS m/z 294.4 [M+H]⁺, retention time 2.33 min (RP—C₈, 10-99% CH₃CN/0.05% TFA); ¹H NMR MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.33 (br s, 1H), 7.25-7.17 (m, 3H), 7.13 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.27-6.26 (m, 1H), 6.06-6.04 (m, 1H), 3.56-3.40 (m, 3H), 3.11-3.03 (m, 2H), 2.98-2.78 (m, 6H), 2.09-1.98 (m, 5H), 1.67 (d, J=13.9 Hz, 2H), 1.36 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 1.29 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 0.70-0.66 (m, 1H).

Example 4

To a solution of 2-amino-4-chloro-phenol 4a (50 g, 0.35 mol) in HCl (2.5 mol, 500 mL) was added drop-wise a solution of sodium nitrite (25.25 g, 0.35 mol) in water (50 mL) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 min. Then a cooled solution of KI (70 g, 0.42 mol) in H₂O (100 mL) was slowly added at 0° C. After addition, the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL) and the separated aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The combined organic fraction was washed with Na₂S₂O₃ (10%, 100 mL), water (100 mL×2) and brine (200 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by column on silica gel to afford 4-chloro-2-iodo-phenol 4b as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.67 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (dd, J=2.4, 8.4, Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.33 (s, 1H).

To a solution of 4-chloro-2-iodo-phenol 4b (20.32 g, 0.08 mol), (1-benzyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydro-pyridin-4-yl)-methanol (20.5 g, 0.08 mol) and triphenylphosphine (23.58 g, 0.09 mol) in dry THF (150 mL) was added DEAD (17.4 g, 0.09 mol) at 0° C. under nitrogen atmosphere. After addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated to dryness and the residue was basified by Na₂CO₃ solution (10% 100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with water (100 mL×2) and brine (200 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by column on silica gel to afford 1-benzyl-4-(4-chloro-2-iodo-phenoxymethyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine 4c. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.73 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.38 (m, 6H), 6.70 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 5.82 (s, 1H), 4.43 (s, 2H), 3.63 (s, 2H), 3.05 (s, 2H), 2.67 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.28 (s, 2H).

To a refluxing solution of 1-benzyl-4-(4-chloro-2-iodo-phenoxymethyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine 4c (26.7 g, 0.06 mol) and AIBN (0.05 g, 0.003 mol) in dry benzene was added a solution of Bu₃SnH (40 g, 0.137 mol) in benzene (100 mL) over 1 h under nitrogen atmosphere. After addition, the mixture was refluxed for 3 hr and additional AIBN (0.5 g, 0.003 mol) and Bu₃SnH (20 g, 0.68 mol) were added. After refluxing for 4 hr, the mixture was concentrated to dryness, and EtOAc (100 mL) and HCl (10%, 40 mL) were added. The precipitate was filtered and washed with petroleum ether to give 2,3-dihydro-1′-benzyl-5-chlorospiro(benzofuran-3,4′-piperidine) as its HCl salt, which was basified by NaHCO₃ solution to give 2,3-dihydro-1′-benzyl-5-chlorospiro(benzofuran-3,4′-piperidine) 4d (13 g, 68%).

To a solution of 2,3-dihydro-1′-benzyl-5-chlorospiro(benzofuran-3,4′-piperidine) 4d (13 g, 0.04 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (130 mL) was added drop-wise 1-chloroethyl chloroformate (7.2 g, 0.05 mol). The mixture was stirred for 3 hr at room temperature and then concentrated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in CH₃OH (30 mL) and the solution was heated to reflux for 30 min. After removing of the solvent, ether was added. The resulted solid was filtered and washed with ether to the debenzylated product 4e as the HCl salt (5.5 g, yield 48%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 9.08 (br s, 1H), 7.16-7.19 (m, 2H), 6.82 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 3.25-9.29 (m, 2H), 2.98-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.12-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.8 (m, 2H).

The chloro-dihydrobenzofuran spiro amine 4e (3.18 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DCE (15 mL) and treated with triethylamine (322 mg, 3.18 mmol), followed by (+)-2-norcamphor (421 mg, 3.82 mmol), acetic acid (382 mg, 6.36 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (1.35 g, 6.37 mmol). The reaction was stirred vigorously under nitrogen at room temperature for ˜36 hours. The reaction was quenched with methanol (15 mL) and stirred vigorously for 10 min at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue obtained dissolved in a mixture of DMSO:CH₃OH (20 mL, 1:3 v/v). The solution was filtered and purified by reverse-phase HPLC (2-99% CH₃CN/0.05% TFA, 35 mL/min). The combined pure fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure until ˜25 mL of solvent remained. The suspension was treated with 1 N NaOH (25 mL) and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with H₂O, saturated brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 522 mg pure free base (1.64 mmol) as a crystalline white solid. The free base was readily dissolved in anhydrous diethyl ether (10 mL) and treated with 1.0 eq 1 N ethereal HCl (1.7 mL). The thick, gelatinous suspension obtained was cooled in an ice/H₂O bath for 1 hour, filtered, rinsed with Et₂O (3×10 mL), and dried overnight under reduced pressure to yield compound no. 1 as a fine white powder. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.1 (br s, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 0.2H), 7.21 (dd, J=2.3 Hz, 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 0.8H), 6.85 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 0.8H), 6.84 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 0.2H), 4.52 (s, 1.6H), 4.45 (s, 0.4H), 3.41 (m, 1.8H), 3.24 (m, 0.8H), 3.01 (br m, 1.6H), 2.63 (br m, 2H), 2.44 (m, 0.9H), 2.27 (br s, 1.1H), 1.86 (br m, 4H), 1.51 (br m, 3.3H), 1.39 (br m, 2.7H), 1.24 (br m, 0.7H); LC/MS m/z 318.0 [M+H]⁺, retention time 2.14 min (RP—C₁₈, 10-99% CH₃CN/0.05% TFA).

Example 5

The starting material 5a (54 mg, 0.2 mmol, 1.0 eq) was suspended in DCE (1 mL) and treated with (1R,2R,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbaldehyde (31 mg, 0.26 mmol, 1.3 eq) in DCE (0.5 mL), followed by portion-wise addition of NaBH(OAc)₃ (127 mg, 0.6 mmol). The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for 3 h and was then quenched with MeOH (2 mL) and allowed to stir for another hour (until gas evolution stopped). The reaction mixture was then diluted with H₂O (5 mL) and extracted with Et₂O (10 mL). The organic layer was treated with 1 N HCl (5 mL) and formation of an insoluble precipitate was observed. The biphasic emulsion was filtered, and the white precipitate was washed with Et₂O (3×5 mL) and hexanes (2×10 mL) and dried under vacuum to provide the pure HCl salt of compound no. 64 as white shiny platelets. LC/MS m/z 344.0 [M+H]⁺, retention time 2.56 min (RP—C₈, 10-99% CH₃CN/0.05% TFA). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.11 (s, 1H), 7.37 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.18 (q, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.02 (q, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.05-4.03 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.08-2.97 (m, 3H), 2.85-2.77 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.49-2.45 (m, 3H), 1.98-1.90 (m, 3H), 1.72-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.26 (dd, J=33.4, 7.3 Hz, 2H), 0.63 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 1H).

Example 6

The fluoroindoline 6a (1.22 g; 4.0 mmol) was suspended in DCE (10 mL) and cooled to −30° C. A solution of (1R,2R,4R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbaldehyde (635 mg; 5.2 mmol) in dry DCE (2 mL) was added, followed by portion-wise addition of NaBH(OAc)₃ (1.18 g; 5.6 mmol). The reaction was stirred at −30° C. under nitrogen for 90 min then at room temperature until complete consumption of starting material was observed by LC/MS (30 h). The reaction was quenched with MeOH (10 mL) and allowed to stir vigorously for 30 min (until gas evolution stopped). The reaction was diluted with 1N HCl (80 mL) and Et₂O (50 mL). Formation of a white precipitate can be observed as the HCl salt of the desired product is insoluble in both phases. The biphasic mixture was filtered, and the precipitate was washed with Et₂O (2×20 mL) and hexanes (2×30 mL) and dried under high vacuum to provide the product 6b as the corresponding HCl salt (white powder).

The HCl salt 6b (1.4 g; 3.1 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) and TFA (10 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with water (100 mL) and diluted with hexanes (40 mL) and Et₂O (50 mL). The layers were separated, and the organic layer was extracted with H₂O (2×100 mL). The combined aqueous layers were washed with Et₂O (50 mL) then neutralized with solid KOH (under dry-ice bath cooling) until formation of an oily suspension was observed. The suspension was extracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (100 mL), and the combined organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to provide the crude product as a light brown oil. The amine was dissolved in 15 mL Et₂O and treated with 2 N HCl in ether (1.5 mL, 3.0 mmol, 0.96 eq). After 20 min of stirring the resulting precipitate was vacuum filtered under a nitrogen atmosphere, washed with 50 mL Et₂O, 30 mL Et₂O:CH₃CN (5:1) and 40 mL hexanes and dried under high vacuum to provide the HCl salt of compound no. 147 as an off-white powder. LC/MS m/z 313.30 [M+H]⁺, retention time 1.73 min (RP—C₁₈, 10-99% CH₃CN/0.05% TFA). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ 0.83 (ddd, J=5.8, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 1.41 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 1.54 (m, 1H), 2.01 (s, 1H), 2.05 (d, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 2.15 (ddd, J=6.1, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 2.23 (m, 2H), 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.86 (dd, J=13.0, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 2.93 (s, 1H), 3.11 (m, 4H), 3.66 (m, 4H), 6.09 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (m, 3H).

Example 7

Starting material 7a hydrochloride (2.17 g, 6.40 mmol) was suspended in anhydrous DCE (30 mL) and treated with triethylamine (648 mg, 6.40 mmol), followed by (−)-2-norcamphor (706 mg, 6.40 mmol), acetic acid (770 mg, 12.8 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (2.72 g, 12.8 mmol). The reaction was stirred vigorously under nitrogen at room temperature for ˜72 hours (˜77% conversion by LC/MS at 220 nm). The reaction was quenched with methanol (10 mL) and stirred vigorously for 10 min at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue obtained dissolved in a 1:1 mixture of DMSO:CH₃OH (30 mL). The mixture was centrifuged (3,000 rpm, 10 min) and the supernatant filtered and purified by reverse-phase HPLC (10-99% CH₃CN/0.05% TFA, 50 mL/min). The combined pure fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 2.25 g of the N-Boc intermediate 7b (isolated as the TFA salt) as an off-white solid. LC/MS (RP—C₁₈, 10-99% CH₃CN/0.05% TFA gradient over 5 min) m/z 397.4 [M+H]⁺, retention time 2.70 min.

The N-Boc intermediate 7b (2.25 g, 4.41 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (25 mL) and slowly treated with trifluoroacetic acid (15 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The oil obtained was slowly treated with 1 N NaOH (100 mL) and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×75 mL). The combined extracts were washed with H₂O, saturated brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a free base as a yellow oil. The free base was dissolved in a minimal volume of anhydrous diethyl ether and treated with 0.95 eq 1 N ethereal HCl. The suspension was cooled in an ice/H₂O bath for 1 hour, filtered, rinsed with Et₂O, and dried overnight under reduced pressure to yield the desired product 7c as a fine, off-white to very pale yellow powder. LC/MS (RP—C₁₈, 10-99% CH₃CN/0.05% TFA gradient over 5 min) m/z 297.2 [M+H]⁺, retention time 1.72 min.

The deprotected amine HCl salt 7c (33 mg, 0.10 mmol) was suspended in anhydrous CH₃CN (1.0 mL) and treated with triethylamine (20 mg, 0.20 mmol), followed by methanesulfonyl chloride (14 mg, 0.12 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 10 min, then quenched with DMSO:CH₃OH (1.0 mL, 1:1 v/v) and centrifuged (4000 rpm, 7 min). The supernatant was filtered and purified by reverse-phase HPLC (2-99% CH₃CN, 50 mL/min, 2.0 mL injected) to yield the desired compound no. 231 as the TFA salt. LC/MS (RP—C₁₈, 10-99% CH₃CN/0.05% TFA gradient over 5 min) m/z 375.0 [M+H]⁺, retention time 2.08 mm.

Example 8

Boc-protected fluoroindoline 8a (1.41 g; 4.11 mmol) and benzyl 4-oxotropane-N-carboxylate (1.07 g; 4.11 mmol) were dissolved in a mixture of DCE (5 mL) and DME (5 mL) and placed under a nitrogen atmosphere. TEA (0.57 mL; 0.42 g; 4.11 mmol) was added, followed by Ti(OiPr)₄ (1.21 mL; 1.17 g; 4.11 mmol) and the reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for 60 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with 30 mL MeOH and cooled to −40° C. to −50° C. NaBH₄ (0.6 g; 13.45 mmol) was added portion-wise over 30 min and the reaction was allowed to stir at −40° C. to −20° C. until bubbling subsided (3 hours), then warmed slowly to room temperature and was stirred for 2 hours. The sticky suspension was filtered through a pad of Celite, and the filter cake was washed with MeOH (2×30 mL) and Et₂O (3×50 mL). The filtrate was separated into the corresponding layers, and the aqueous layer was extracted with Et₂O (2×50 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to provide the crude product as a white foam. This material was dissolved in Et₂O (400 mL) and treated with 1 N aq. HCl (500 mL) and the mixture was vigorously stirred for 20 min. The resulting biphasic suspension was filtered, the precipitate was washed with HCl 1N (2×30 mL), H₂O (2×30 mL) and Et₂O (3×30 mL) and dried. To remove the unreacted starting material by conversion to the corresponding ethyl carbamate, the crude HCl salt was suspended in acetonitrile (10 mL) and treated sequentially with ethyl chloroformate (1 mL) and triethylamine (2 mL). After 10 min, the mixture was diluted with Et₂O (300 mL) and poured onto 1 N aq HCl (300 mL). The biphasic suspension was filtered, and the precipitate was washed with HCl 1N (2×30 mL), H₂O (2×30 mL) and Et₂O (3×30 mL) and dried to provide the desired product 8b hydrochloride salt. LC/MS m/z [M+H]⁺550.4 retention time 2.93 min (10-99% CH₃CN—H₂O gradient with 0.03% TFA, 5 min).

Cbz-protected starting material 8b (1.140 g; 1.945 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (20 mL) and treated with 10% wet Pd/C (1.14 g) and NH₄COOH (2.45 g; 38.9 mmol). The mixture was allowed to stir vigorously overnight under an empty balloon (for venting). LC/MS analysis showed complete conversion to the desired product. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the filter cake was rinsed with methanol (4×30 mL). The filtrate was concentrated to provide the crude product, which was taken up in a mixture of EtOAc (100 mL) and NaHCO₃ sat. (100 mL). The layers were separated, the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×100 mL), Et₂O (100 mL), and CH₂Cl₂ (2×100 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to provide the crude product 8c as a white foam (707 mg, 87% yield). LC/MS m/z 416.4 [M+H]⁺, retention time 2.26 (10-99% CH₃CN—H₂O gradient with 0.03% TFA, 5 min)

Compound 8c (250.0 mg; 0.60 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (15 mL) and treated sequentially with methoxyethyl chloroformate (138.4 uL; 166.1 mg; 1.203 mmol) and TEA (401.7 uL; 291.7 mg; 2.89 mmol). After 10 min. the reaction mixture was diluted with DCM (30 mL) and washed with saturated NaHCO₃ solution (30 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (30 mL) and the combined organic extracts were dried on Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to provide the desired product 8d which was taken to the next step without further purification. LC/MS m/z 518.0 [M+H]⁺, retention time 2.43 min (10-99% CH₃CN—H₂O gradient with 0.03% TFA, 5 min).

Intermediate 8d was dissolved in a mixture of DCM (15 mL) and TFA (20 mL) and allowed to stir at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated, dissolved in water (20 mL) and the pH was adjusted to basic by portion-wise addition of solid KOH. The resulting suspension was extracted with DCM (3×30 mL) and Et₂O (30 mL) and the organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, and then concentrated to provide the free base of the desired product. The material was dissolved in Et₂O (20 mL) and treated with excess 1N HCl in ether (2 mL). The resulting suspension was filtered under nitrogen and the filtrate was washed with Et₂O (3×10 mL) and dried under vacuum to provide the desired product 8e as an off white solid (232 mg, 85% yield over 2 steps). LC/MS m/z 418.2 [M+H]⁺, retention time 1.16 min (10-99% CH₃CN—H₂O gradient with 0.03% TFA, 5 min).

Intermediate 8e (230.0 mg; 0.51 mmol) was suspended in DCM (15 mL) and treated sequentially with dimethyl carbamoyl chloride (931.3 uL; 1089.7 mg; 10.13 mmol) and TEA (704.8 uL; 511.70 mg; 5.07 mmol). The reaction was allowed to stir overnight at room temperature, and then the mixture was diluted with DCM (30 mL) and washed with saturated NaHCO₃ solution (30 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (30 mL) and the combined organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to provide the free base of the desired product. This material was dissolved in Et₂O (20 mL) and treated with excess 1N HCl in ether (3 mL). The resulting suspension was filtered under nitrogen and the filtrate was washed with Et₂O (3×10 mL) and dried under vacuum to provide the desired compound no. 119 as an off-white solid. LC/MS m/z 489.4 [M+H]⁺, retention time 2.20 min (10-99% CH₃CN—H₂O gradient with 0.03% TFA, 5 min). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.66 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.82 (s, 4H), 1.86 (s, 2H), 1.92 (s, 2H), 2.07 (s, 2H), 2.22 (t, J=12.1 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (s, 6H), 3.05 (q, J=11.1 Hz, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.53 (m, 4H), 3.73 (m, 1H), 4.15 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 2H), 4.27 (s, 2H), 6.90 (dd, J=8.3, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (m, 2H), 10.41 (s, 1H).

Example 9

Example 9

Bromo-spiroindoline 9a (1.5 g, 4.08 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane (20 mL) and cooled to 0° C. To the rapidly stirring solution was added acetyl chloride (0.481 g, 6.13 mmol) followed by triethylamine (0.853 mL, 6.13 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Then mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford desired product 9b as viscous pale yellow oil and carried to the next step without further purification. LC/MS (RP—C₁₈, 10-99% CH₃CN/0.05% TFA gradient over 5 min) m/z 411.0 [M+H]⁺, retention time 3.39 min.

The intermediate 9b was dissolved in 10 mL of dichloromethane and treated with trifluoroacetic acid (10 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The oil obtained was re-dissolved in acetonitrile, re-concentrated under reduced pressure, treated with 2 N NaOH (25 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (2×50 mL). The combined extracts were washed with saturated NaHCO₃, saturated brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford crude free base 9c as a pale yellow oil. LC/MS (RP—C₁₈, 10-99% CH₃CN/0.05% TFA gradient over 5 min) m/z 309.7 [M+H]⁺, retention time 2.07 min.

Intermediate 9c (1.260 g, 4.08 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane (10 mL) and treated with 2 eq of 1-carbethoxy-4-piperidone (1.393 g, 8.16 mmol), followed by glacial acetic acid (0.490 g, 8.16 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1.721 g, 8.16 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 48 h. The reaction was diluted with dichloromethane (50 mL), quenched with 1.0 N NaOH (20 mL) and stirred vigorously at room temperature for 30 min. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer extracted with DCM (2×20 mL). The pooled organic layers were washed with H₂O (20 mL), brine (20 mL), then dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 1.8 g crude product 9d as pale yellow oil (˜95% yield). An analytical sample was subjected to reverse-phase HPLC purification (2-50% CH₃CN gradient over 13 min with 0.1% TFA (aq), 35 mL/min, 1.0 mL injected). The remainder of the material was taken to the next step without purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.94 (s, 1H), 8.00 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.13 (m, 4H), 4.06 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.54-3.46 (m, 3H), 3.16 (q, J=11.0 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (bs, 2H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.17-2.07 (m, 4H), 1.93 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 2H), 1.66-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.20 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H). LC/MS (RP—C₁₈, 10-99% CH₃CN/0.05% TFA gradient over 5 min) m/z 467.2 [M+H]⁺, retention time 1.97 min.

Product 9d (46.4 mg, 0.1 mmol) was mixed with 4-methylphenyl boronic acid (14 mg, 0.1 mmol) in 1 mL of CH₃CN and 1 mL of 2 M aq. Na₂CO₃. The microwave tube was purged with N₂ and 7 mg (10 mol %) of PdCl₂(dppf) was added and tube was again purged with N₂, then sealed and microwaved for 20 min at 150° C. After reaction was complete, organic layer was separated, filtered through silica gel plug, concentrated and was subjected to reverse-phase HPLC purification (RP—C₁₈, 2-50% CH₃CN/0.1% aq. TFA gradient over 13 min, 35 mL/min) to yield compound no. 58. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.79 (s, 1H), 8.11 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 4.14 (s, 4H), 4.06 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (m, 3H), 3.19 (q, J=11.1 Hz, 2H), 2.85 (bs, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.29-2.23 (m, 5H), 2.09 (d, J=12.9 Hz, 2H), 1.96 (d, J=13.9 Hz, 2H), 1.67-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.20 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H). LC/MS (RP—C₁₈, 10-99% CH₃CN/0.05% TFA gradient over 5 min): m/z 476.2 [M+H]⁺, retention time 2.36 min.

Example 10

1.0 eq of the amine hydrochloride 10a (416 mg, 1.46 mmol) was suspended in anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane:1,2-dimethoxyethane (6.0 mL, 1:1 v/v) and treated with 1.0 eq triethylamine (148 mg), followed by 1.5 eq tert-butyl 4-oxoazepane-1-carboxylate (467 mg, 2.19 mmol) and 3.0 eq titanium tetraisopropoxide (1.3 mL, 1.26 g, 4.4 mmol). The reaction vial was flushed with nitrogen and stirred at room temperature for 3 days. The reaction was diluted with methanol (6.0 mL), cooled in an ice-H₂O bath and treated with sodium borohydride (110 mg, 2.92 mmol). The reaction was slowly warmed to room temperature and stirred thereafter for 90 min. The reaction was then further diluted with methanol (10 mL), quenched with 1.0 N NaOH (5.0 mL) and stirred vigorously at room temperature for 10 min. The suspension obtained was centrifuged (3K rpm, 10 min) and the supernatant concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained was dissolved in dichloromethane (75 mL) and washed successively with H₂O, saturated sodium bicarbonate, and saturated brine, then dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford 704 mg crude product 10b as a viscous, pale yellow oil. The crude product was used in the next step without further purification. t_(R)=2.14 min [10-99% CH₃CN gradient over 5 mins with 0.1% TFA (aq)]; Theoretical (M+H)⁺ m/z for C₂₅H₃₆FN₃O₃=446.3; Found 446.4.

The Boc-protected amine 10b (573 mg) was dissolved in dichloromethane (5 mL), cooled in an ice-H₂O bath and treated slowly with ice-cold trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL). The reaction was stirred at ˜0° C. for 1 h, then concentrated under reduced pressure. The oil obtained was dissolved in acetonitrile and re-concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude TFA salt was dissolved in methanol (6.0 mL) and purified by reverse-phase HPLC (2-25% CH₃CN/0.1% TFA gradient over 10 min, 6×1.0 mL injected, 35 mL/min). The combined pure fractions were concentrated in vacuo to afford 291 mg amine 10c as the di-TFA salt, as a viscous, colorless oil.

Yield (over 2 steps)=35%. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.83 (br s, 1H), 8.74 (br s, 2H), 8.06 (dd, J=8.8 Hz, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (br m, 1H), 6.97 (br m, 1H), 4.12 (s, 2H), 3.59 (br s, 1H), 3.13 (br m, 6H), 2.36 (m, 1H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.13 (m, 5H), 1.89 (m, 5H), 1.71 (m, 1H); t_(R)=1.06 min [10-99% CH₃CN gradient over 5 min with 0.1% TFA (aq)]; Theoretical (M+H)⁺m/z for C₂₀H₂₈FN₃O=346.2; Found 346.0.

Deprotected amine 10c (46 mg, 0.080 mmol, di-TFA salt) was dissolved in anhydrous acetonitrile (750 μL) and treated with 3.0 eq triethylamine (24 mg, 0.24 mmol). The mixture was then treated with ethyl chloroformate (9 μL, 10 mg, 0.096 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The reaction was quenched with methanol (500 μL) and purified by reverse-phase HPLC to provide compound no. 308 (2-40% CH₃CN/0.1% TFA gradient over 10 min, 1.0 mL injected, 35 mL/min). t_(R)=1.90 min [10-99% CH₃CN gradient over 5 min with 0.1% TFA (aq)]; Theoretical (M+H)⁺ m/z for C₂₃H₃₂FN₃O₃=418.2; Found 418.4.

Example 11

Spiroindoline 11a (300.0 mg; 1.21 mmol) and 4-oxocyclohexane spirodioxolane (283.1 mg; 1.81 mmol) were dissolved in DCE (5 mL). After 10 min, NaBH(OAc)₃ (512.1 mg; 2.42 mmol) was added, followed by AcOH (69.7 uL; 72.5 mg; 1.208 mmol) and the mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 75 h. The reaction was quenched by adding MeOH (10 mL) and was allowed to stir for 24 h. The resulting suspension was diluted with DCM (30 mL) and NaOH 1 N (5 mL) was added. The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3×30 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried on Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The white solid residue was suspended in ether, the ethereal suspension was filtered and the precipitate was washed with ether (3×20 mL) and dried to provide the acetate salt of the desired product 11b (400 mg, 74% yield). The material was used for the next step without further purification. LC/MS m/z 389.2 [M+H]⁺, retention time 1.73 min (10-99% CH₃CN—H₂O gradient with 0.03% TFA, 5 min). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.49 (m, 4H), 1.60 (d, J=13.0 Hz, 2H), 1.72 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 4H), 1.81 (td, J=13.4, 2.5 Hz, 2H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.28 (t, J=11.5 Hz, 2H), 2.37 (m, 1H), 2.80 (d, J=11.5 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (t, J=2.3 Hz, 4H), 3.95 (s, 2H), 6.97 (td, J=8.3, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (dd, J=8.8, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (dd, J=8.8, 5.0 Hz, 1H)

The ketal 11b (350.0 mg; 0.82 mmol) was dissolved in 80% aq. acetic acid (20 mL) and the solution was refluxed overnight. LC/MS analysis shows complete deprotection of the ketal, along with some deacetylation of the indoline nitrogen. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (20 mL), cooled on an ice bath and neutralized by addition of solid KOH. The resulting suspension was filtered and the precipitate was washed with water (3×10 mL) and dried to provide the crude product as a tan powder. This material was dissolved in DCM (10 mL) and treated with excess AcCl (1 mL) and triethylamine (1 mL). After stirring at room temperature for 3 h, the mixture was diluted with DCM (30 mL) and washed with saturated NaHCO₃. The organic layer was dried on Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to provide the product 11c as a yellow oil (253 mg, 89% yield), which was used for the next step without further purification. LC/MS m/z 345.0 [M+H]⁺, retention time 1.43 min (10-99% CH₃CN—H₂O gradient with 0.03% TFA, 5 min); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.68 (d, J=13.3 Hz, 2H), 1.82 (m, 2H), 1.91 (m, 2H), 2.07 (m, 2H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.29 (m, 6H), 2.45 (m, 2H), 2.78 (t, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 2.97 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 2H), 3.81 (s, 2H) 6.88 (m, 2H), 8.16 (dd, J=8.5, 4.8 Hz, 1H).

The crude ketone 11c (100.0 mg; 0.29 mmol) was dissolved in pyridine (1 mL) and treated with O-ethyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride (21.3 mg; 0.35 mmol). The vial was sealed and heated to 60° C. for 1 h. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in DMSO (2 mL) and the product oxime compound no. 86 purified by reverse phase HPLC (2-99% CH₃CN—H₂O gradient with 0.03% TFA, 15 min. run). LC/MS m/z 388.4 [M+H]⁺, retention time 1.87 min (10-99% CH₃CN—H₂O gradient with 0.03% TFA, 5 min); ¹H NMR (free base, 400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.25 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.55 (m, 2H), 1.71 (d, J=13.1 Hz, 2H), 1.94 (m, 5H), 2.14 (m, 1H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.30 (td, J=11.9, 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.50 (d, J=14.3 Hz, 1H), 2.62 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 2.94 (d, J=11.8 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (d, J=14.7 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 4.07 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 6.88 (m, 2H), 8.16 (dd, J=8.5, 4.8 Hz, 1H).

Example 12

The N-Boc protected indanone 12a (6.5 g, 21.6 mmol), (S)-1-phenylethanamine (2.875 g, 23.72 mmol, 1.1 eq), and anhydrous ZnCl₂ (88 mg, 0.647 mmol, 0.03 eq) were brought up in 35 mL dry toluene in a 100-mL flask under N₂ atmosphere. The flask was fitted with a Dean-Stark trap and reflux condenser for the removal of water. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 18 h. The reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with EtOAc (200 mL), and washed with 0.1 N NaOH (2×30 mL), 20% saturated NH₄Cl (1×100 mL), and brine (1×100 mL). The organic layer was then dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and dried down to afford imine (S)-12b as a light orange solid. LC/MS analysis of the crude product indicated complete conversion to the desired product. LC/MS (10-99%) m/z 405.2 [M+H]⁺, retention time 2.76 min.

The crude imine (S)-12b (21.6 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous MeOH (30 mL) and cooled to −40° C. under N₂ atmosphere. NaBH₄ (816 mg, 21.6 mmol, 1.0 eq) was added in one portion. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to −20° C. over 2 h, then warmed to −5° C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (200 mL), then washed with 50% saturated NaHCO₃ (100 mL), water (2×100 mL), and brine (100 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and dried down to yield (S, S)-12c as a colorless oil. The oil was brought up in anhydrous diethyl ether, and 1 eq of ethereal HCl was added to precipitate the product as a fine white solid. The solid was filtered, washed with ether (100 mL), and dried under vacuum to obtain 7.2 of (S,S)-12c HCl salt as a white powder (75% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.08 (m, 1H), 9.49 (m, 11H), 8.01 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.29-7.47 (m, 6H), 4.91 (m, 1H), 4.62 (m, 1H), 3.94 (m, 2H), 2.87 (bs, 2H), 2.62 (dd, J=13.5, 8.0 Hz, 11H), 1.99 (dd, J=13.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 1.92 (dt, J=12.9, 4.4 Hz, 11H), 1.76 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 3H), 1.58 (d, J=12.9 Hz, 1H), 1.42 (s+obscured m, 1H); LC/MS (10-99%) m/z 407.4 [M+H]⁺, retention time 2.70 min.

(S,S)-12c (3.0 g, 6.8 mmol), ammonium formate (8.5 g, 135.4 mmol, 20 eq), and 800 mg 10% Pd/C (wet, 50% by weight) were brought up in MeOH (30 mL) in a 100-mL flask fixed with a N₂ balloon. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 28 h. The reaction mixture filtered through packed Celite and concentrated in vacuo to ˜10 mL. The concentrate was diluted with 50% saturated NaHCO₃ (200 mL), and the product extracted into EtOAc (3×100 mL). The combined extracts were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain (S)-12d as a colorless oil (2.0 g, 98% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.34 (m, 1H), 7.02-7.21 (m, 3H), 4.23 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.99 (m, 2H), 2.90 (br s, 2H), 2.57 (dd, J=12.7, 7.3 Hz, 11H), 2.00 (bs, 2H), 1.92 (dt, J=12.9, 4.5 Hz 11H), 1.42 (s+obscured m, 13H); LC/MS (10-99%) m/z 303.2 [M+H]⁺, 286.2 [m/z−NH₃]⁺, retention time 2.31 min.

(S)-12d (300 mg, 0.99 mmol) was dissolved in 1.5 mL anhydrous CH₃CN and cooled to 0° C., followed by ethyl chloroformate (118 mg, 1.09 mmol, 1.1 eq) and triethylamine (200 μL). White precipitate formed upon addition of the triethylamine. The reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and then stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (30 mL) and washed with 50% saturated NaHCO₃ (20 mL), water (20 mL), and brine (20 mL). The solution was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and dried in vacuo to obtain product (S)-12e as a light yellow oil (>90% pure). LC/MS (10-99%) m/z 375.2 [M+H]⁺, retention time 3.43 min.

The crude (S)-12e was dissolved 5 mL CH₂Cl₂ and cooled to 0° C., followed by the addition of 5 mL TFA. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h, diluted with CH₃CN (20 mL), and dried in vacuo to obtain the (S)-12f TFA salt. The oil was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL), washed with 0.1 N NaOH (2×10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and dried in vacuo to obtain the product (S)-12f as a light yellow oil (269 mg, 98% yield over 2 steps). LC/MS (10-99%) m/z 275.2 [M+H]⁺, retention time 1.42 min.

(S)-12f (269 mg, 0.98 mmol) was dissolved in cold DCE (1.5 mL) and treated with (1S,2S,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbaldehyde (119 mg, 0.98 mmol, 1.0 eq), followed by portion-wise addition of NaBH(OAc)₃ (300 mg, 1.4 mmol, 1.4 eq). The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 h and was then quenched with MeOH (1 mL) and allowed to stir for another 30 min (until gas evolution stopped). The crude reaction mixture was purified by HPLC (10-99 CH₃CN gradient, 0.05% TFA) to provide the desired product (S)-12 g as the TFA salt. LC/MS (10-99%) m/z 381.2 [M+H]⁺, retention time 2.28 min.

The combined HPLC fractions (˜10 mL) were treated with 10% Pd/C (50 mg, wet, 50% by weight) under H₂ atmosphere with to cleanly provide (S)-12 g after 2 h of rapid stirring at room temperature. The solution was filtered through a 0.2 micron nylon filter and concentrated to provide 114 mg of compound no. 274 TFA salt (23% over 2 steps). LC/MS (10-99%) m/z 383.2 [M+H]⁺, retention time 2.28 min; ¹H-NMR (HCl salt, 400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.39 (br s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (m, 4H), 5.11 (m, 1H), 4.06 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 3.09 (m, 4H), 2.64 (m, 2H), 2.33 (br s, 2H), 2.15 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.67 (m, 3H), 1.48 (m, 2H), 1.34 (m, 3H), 1.20 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.14 (m, 1H), 0.88 (m, 1H).

Spiroindane (R)- compound no. 274 was produced utilizing an analogous synthetic route with the substitution of (R)-1-phenylethanamine for (S)-1-phenylethanamine in the synthesis of intermediate imine 12b (step 1).

Example 13

To a flask containing (S,S)-13a (See Example 12, 1.5 g, 3.39 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (1.87 g, 13.54 mmol, 4 eq) was added 2 mL anhydrous DMF followed by 8 mL anhydrous THF. The mixture was treated with MeI (2.40 g, 16.93 mmol, 5 eq) and heated to 45° C. for 6 h, followed by stirring at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (200 mL) and washed with 20% saturated NH₄Cl (50 mL), 50% saturated NaHCO₃ (50 mL), brine (50 mL). The solution was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and dried in vacuo to yield a reddish oil. The oil was dissolved in diethyl ether and filtered to remove insoluble material, followed by treatment with 1 eq of ethereal HCl. The resulting solution was dried down in vacuo to yield crude (S)-13b as a light orange solid. LC/MS (10-99%) m/z 421.0 [M+H]⁺, retention time 2.77 min.

Crude (S)-13b was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL) and cooled to −10° C., followed by the addition of 10 mL TFA. The reaction mixture was stirred at −10° C. for 1 h, diluted with CH₃CN (20 mL), and dried in vacuo to obtain the (S)-13c TFA salt. The oil was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL), washed with 50% saturated NaHCO₃ (2×10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and dried in vacuo to obtain the product (S)-13c as a colorless oil (673 mg, 67% yield over 2 steps). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.46 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.16-7.25 (m, 5H), 4.66 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (q, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 2.99 (app t, J=12.0 Hz, 2H), 2.79 (dt, J=12.4, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (dt, J=12.7, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 2.07 (q, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 1.97 (dt, J=13.3, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 1.85 (s, 3H), 1.73 (m, 1H), 1.52 (dt, J=12.7, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 1.42 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.36 (app t, J=12.9 Hz, 3H); LC/MS (10-99%) m/z 321.2 [M+H]⁺, retention time 1.60 min.

(S)-13c (650 mg, 2.03 mmol) and (1S,2S,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbaldehyde (262 mg, 2.15 mmol) were dissolved in DCE (13 mL) and the mixture cooled to −30° C., followed by portion-wise addition of NaBH(OAc)₃ (646 mg, 3.05 mmol). The reaction was stirred at −30° C. for 2 h and was the allowed to come to room temperature and stirred for 16 h. The reaction was quenched with MeOH (5 mL) and diluted with EtOAc (200 mL). The crude reaction was washed with 50% saturated NaHCO₃ (50 mL), water (50 mL), and brine (50 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and dried in vacuo to yield the product (S)-13d as a colorless oil (802 mg, 93% yield).

(S)-13d (800 mg, 6.8 mmol), ammonium formate (2.36 g, 37.5 mmol), and 800 mg 10% Pd/C (wet, 50% by weight) were brought up in MeOH (8 mL) in a 25-mL flask fixed with a N₂ balloon. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. 1.18 g of ammonium formate were added and the mixture stirred for an additional 24 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through packed Celite, diluted with 50% saturated NaHCO₃ (200 mL), and the product (S)-13e extracted into EtOAc (5×75 mL). The combined extracts were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain (S)-13e as a colorless oil (493 mg, 81% yield). LC/MS (10-99%) m/z 325.4 [M+H]⁺, retention time 1.52 min.

(S)-13e (123 mg, 0.38 mmol) was dissolved in 1.5 mL anhydrous CH₃CN and cooled to 0° C., followed by the additional of acetyl chloride (33 mg, 0.42 mmol) and triethylamine (200 μL). White precipitate formed upon addition of the triethylamine. The reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and then stirred for 1 h. The crude reaction mixture was purified by HPLC (10-99 CH₃CN gradient, 0.05% TFA) to provide the desired compound no. 190 as the TFA salt (65 mg, 47% yield). LC/MS (10-99%) m/z 367.2 [M+H]⁺, retention time 1.99 min.

Spiroindane (R) form of compound no. 190 was produced utilizing an analogous synthetic route with the substitution of (R)-1-phenylethanamine for (S)-1-phenylethanamine in the synthesis of intermediate 13a (See Example 12).

Example 14

Intermediate 14a (49 mg; 0.2 mmol) and 4-formyl-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (40 mg; 0.2 mmol) were dissolved in DCE (2 mL) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (85 mg; 0.4 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. The reaction was diluted with DCM (10 mL) and 1N HCl (20 mL), the layers were separated, and the organic layer was discarded. The aqueous layer was washed with DCM (10 mL) and then was basified with NaOH. The aqueous layer was then washed with EtOAc (3×20 mL) and the combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated under high vacuum. The crude product compound no. 314 was purified using reversed-phase chromatography (2-99% CH₃CN/H₂O gradient with 0.05% TFA). LC/MS m/z [M+H]⁺428.2, retention time 1.85 min (10-99% CH₃CN—H₂O gradient with 0.03% TFA, 5 min); ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.50 (br s, 1H), 8.26 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (m, 4H), 5.35 (m, 1H), 4.04 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.69 (m, 2H), 3.53 (m, 2H), 3.31 (m, 2H), 3.18 (m, 5H), 2.69 (m, 1H), 2.07 (m, 1H), 1.89 (s, 3H), 1.66 (m, 3H), 1.50 (m, 4H), 1.19 (overlapping q and s, 6H).

Example 15

The mixture of N-Boc protected spiroindanone 15a (20 g, 66.4 mmol) and MeOH/HCl (2.5 mol/L, 100 mL) were stirred overnight. After evaporation the residue was washed by petroleum ether to gave the corresponding amine hydrochloride 15b (15.4 g, 97.6%).

To a solution of compound 15b (5.0 g, 24.84 mmol) and Et₃N (7.54 g, 74.53 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL) was added drop-wise Cbz-Cl (4.66 g, 27.33 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The precipitate was filtered, washed with Et₂O and dried to furnish compound 15c (6.1 g, yield 99%).

A solution of compound 15c (3 g, 10.3 mmol) in EtOH (30 mL) containing NH₂OH.HCl (1.43 g, 20.6 mmol) and NaOAc (1.52 g, 18.53 mmol) was heated under reflux for 1.5 hours. The solvent was removed by evaporation and the residue was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ and water. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to give compound 15d (3.14 g, yield 99%), which could be used directly in the next step.

2,4,6-trichloro-[1,3,5]-triazine (1.32 g, 7.16 mmol) was added to DMF (9.6 mL) maintained at 25° C. The reaction was monitored by TLC until TCT was consumed. Then compound 15d (1.6 g, 4.77 mmol) in DMF (17 mL) was added. After the addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Water was added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with saturated Na₂CO₃, followed by 1N HCl and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The residue was purified by prep HPLC to obtain compound 15e (260 mg, yield 16%).

The mixture of compound 15e (1.2 g, 3.4 mmol) and Pd/C (200 mg) in MeOH (20 mL) was hydrogenated under atmosphere pressure at room temperature for 3 hours. The catalyst was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC twice to give 15f (110 mg, 11%) as a TFA salt. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.65 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.45 (m, 3H), 3.45 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 2H), 3.20 (t, J=12.3 Hz, 2H), 2.96 (s, 2H), 2.10-2.21 (m, 2H), 1.70 (d, J=14.1 Hz, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z 217.06 [M+H]⁺.

Amine 15f (22 mg, 0.1 mmol) and ethyl 4-formylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (28 mg, 0.15 mmol) were dissolved in DCE (1 mL) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (42 mg; 0.2 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction was diluted methanol (0.5 mL), filtered, and compound no. 34 was purified using reversed-phase chromatography (10-99% CH₃CN/H₂O gradient with 0.05% TFA). LC/MS m/z 386.2 [M+H]⁺, retention time 2.05 min (10-99% CH₃CN—H₂O gradient with 0.03% TFA, 5 min); ¹H NMR (free base, 400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.71 (d, J=3.9 Hz, 2H), 7.61 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.47-7.41 (m, 1H), 4.05-3.96 (m, 4H), 2.86-2.67 (m, 4H), 2.56 (d, J=9.7 Hz, 2H), 2.18 (s, 2H), 2.01 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 4H), 1.73 (d, J=11.1 Hz, 4H), 1.45 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 1.18 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.03-0.96 (m, 2H).

Example 16

A stirred mixture of sodium hydride (60%, 31 g, 0.79 mol) in dry xylene (500 mL), under a nitrogen atmosphere, was heated to reflux for 30 min. 1,3-Dihydro-indol-2-one 16a (100 g, 0.75 mol) was then slowly added via an addition funnel and stirred at reflux for 1.5 hours. Dimethyl sulfate (104 g, 0.83 mol) was added drop-wise, whereupon the resulting homogeneous solution was refluxed for an additional 2 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was washed with water, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one 16b (74 g, 67.3%). ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.23-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.04 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (s, 2H), 3.21 (s, 3H).

A suspension of NaH (60%, 70 g, 0.48 mol) in THF (300 mL) was stirred for 10 min at 0° C. Then a solution of 1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one 16b (70 g, 2.88 mol) in THF (200 mL) was added at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. Benzyl-bis-(2-chloro-ethyl)-amine (129 g, 0.48 mol) was added in portions at 0° C. The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, and then was poured into ice-water, extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column on silica gel (P.E./E.A. 2:1) to give compound 16c (24 g, 16.3%). ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.25-7.42 (m, 7H), 7.02-7.07 (m, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=7.5, 1H), 3.68 (s, 2H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 2.74-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.72 (m, 2H), 1.93-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.85 (m, 2H).

To a solution of compound 16c (12 g, 39.2 mmol) in MeOH (100 mL) was added Pd(OH)₂/C (1.5 g, 20%) under N₂. The suspension was hydrogenated under H₂ (50 psi) at room temperature for 4.5 hours. The catalyst was filtered off, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the deprotected spiroindolone product 16d (8 g, 94.5%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.46 (d, J=7.2, 1H), 7.23-7.27 (m, 1H), 6.96-7.03 (m, 2H), 3.04-3.14 (m, 5H), 2.83-2.89 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.51 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z 217.1 [M+H]⁺.

1.0 eq of deprotected spiroindolone 16d (22 mg, 0.10 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane: 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1.0 mL, 1:1 v/v) and treated with 1.5 N-Carbethoxy-4-tropinone (30 mg, 0.15 mmol), followed by titanium tetraisopropoxide (88 μL, 85 mg, 0.30 mmol). The vial was flushed with nitrogen and stirred at room temperature ˜70 hours. The reaction was then diluted with methanol (1.0 mL), cooled in an ice-H₂O bath and treated with sodium borohydride (8 mg, 0.20 mmol). After warming to room temperature and stirring for 90 min, the reaction was further diluted with methanol (2.0 mL), quenched with 1.0 N NaOH (500 μL) and stirred vigorously at room temperature for 10 min. The suspension obtained was centrifuged (3K rpm, 10 min) and the supernatant concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained was dissolved in MeOH:acetonitrile (1250 μL, 1:1 v/v), filtered, and purified by reverse-phase HPLC (2-40% CH₃CN/0.1% TFA gradient over 10 min) to yield product compound no. 149. LC/MS (10-99%) m/z [M+H]⁺398.2, retention time 1.93 min.

Example 17

A suspension of 1′-benzyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[naphthalene-1,4′-piperidine] 17a (1.7 g, 5.8 mmol), 10% Pd/C (1 g), and ammonium formate (4.8 g, 76 mmol) in MeOH (50 ml) was stirred under N₂ for 24 hours. The mixture was filtered through Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated. The filtrate was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂, washed with diluted NaOH, and the aqueous phase was re-extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated to give 3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[naphthalene-1,4′-piperidine] 17b. LC-MS: m/e=202.1 (M+H). R_(t)=1.61 min. ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃): 9.74 (s, 2H), 7.58 (d, J=7.9, 1H), 7.22 (t, J=7.8, 1H), 7.14 (t, J=7.9, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=8.0, 1H), 3.47 (d, J=12.4, 2H), 3.22-3.18 (m, 2H), 2.88 (t, J=4.9, 2H), 2.81 (t, J=6.2, H), 2.60 (td, 2H), 1.93-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.77 (m, 2H).

A solution of cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (40 mg, 0.35 mmol) and 3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[naphthalene-1,4′-piperidine] 17b (33 mg, 0.16 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (2 mL) was stirred at 50° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and treated with sodium triacetoxyborohydride (44 mg, 0.2 mL), followed by acetic acid (1 drop) and methanol (1 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for another 5 hours and concentrated under a stream of N₂. The residue was dissolved in methanol (1 mL) and purified by reverse phase HPLC to give compound no. 802 as a TFA salt. LC-MS: m/e=298.0 (M+H). R_(t)=2.09 min. ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 8.70 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d, 1H), 7.22 (t, 1H), 7.14 (t, 1H), 7.06 (d, 1H), 3.40 (d, 2H), 3.14 (dd, 2H), 3.00 (t, 2H), 2.72 (t, 2H), 2.28 (td, 2H), 1.89-1.87 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.66 (m, 10H), 1.28 (q, 2H), 1.21-1.13 (m, 1H), 1.03-0.96 (m, 2H).

A solution of 3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[naphthalene-1,4′-piperidine] 18a (33 mg, 0.16 mmol) and cycloheptanone (86 mg, 0.76 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 ml) was stirred in a sealed vial for 90 min and treated with titanium (IV) propoxide (60 ul, 0.21 mmol) for 24 hours. Sodium borohydride (10 mg, 0.27 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture and the resulting mixture was stirred for 5 hours then treated with methanol (1 mL) and acetic acid (1 drop) for 1 hour. The solvents were evaporated and the residue was dissolved in methanol (1 ml) and acidified with TFA and purified by HPLC to give compound no. 738. LC-MS: m/z=298.3 (M+H). R_(t)=2.05 min. ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 9.01 (s, H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.21 (t, 1H), 7.14 (t, 1H), 7.05 (d, 1H), 3.40 (m, 1H), 3.27-3.17 (m, 4H), 2.72 (t, 2H), 2.26 (td, 2H), 2.12-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.67 (m, 8H), 1.57-1.46 (m, 6H).

Example 18

A solution of (S)—N—(1′-(2-(piperidin-4-yl)ethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[naphthalene-1,4′-piperidine]-4-yl)acetamide 18a (18 mg, 0.048 mmol), Et₃N (0.2 ml) in 1,2-dichloroethane (2 ml) was treated acetyl chloride (2 drops, ca. 0.05 ml) for 2 hours. The solvent was evaporated. The residue was dissolved in MeOH (1 ml), acidified with CF₃COOH and purified with HPLC to give compound no. 832 as a TFA salt. LC-MS: m/z=412.20 (M+H). R_(t)=1.48 min. ¹H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆): 9.03 (s, 1H), 8.17 (d, 1H), 7.34 (t, 1H), 7.30 (d, 1H), 7.20 (t, 1H), 7.17 (d, 1H), 4.92 (q, 1H), 4.35 (d, 1H), 3.80 (m, 2H), 3.43 (m, 2H), 3.16 (t, 4H), 3.00 (t, 1H), 2.22-2.14 (m, 2H), 2.06 (ddd, 1H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 1.87 (s, 3H), 1.82 (m, 3H), 1.75-1.53 (m, 7H), 1.13 (m, 1H), 1.00 (m, 1H).

Example 19

Compound no. 364 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 1.27 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 3H), 1.56 (d, J=11.5 Hz, 2H), 1.67 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 4H), 1.82 (m, 2H), 1.97 (m, 6H), 2.29 (t, J=11.5 Hz, 2H), 2.82 (m, 1H), 2.89 (dd, J=13.7, 6.5 Hz, 2H), 4.13 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.35 (d, J=24.4 Hz, 2H), 7.17 (m, 4H).

Example 20

Compound no. 413 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (free base, 400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.20-7.10 (m, 4H), 4.02 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.99-3.96 (m, 2H), 2.84 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.81-2.77 (m, 4H), 2.16 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 2.06 (t, J=12.2 Hz, 2H), 1.94 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.80 (t, J=11.3 Hz, 2H), 1.74-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.43 (d, J=12.5 Hz, 2H), 1.18 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.02-0.93 (m, 2H).

Example 21

Compound no. 375 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.18 (s, 1H), 6.99 (dt, J=12.8, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (dd, J=8.0, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (dd, J=8.7, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 6.25 (q, J=2.9 Hz, 1H), 6.07 (q, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 3.51 (t, J=13.2 Hz, 2H), 3.04-2.96 (m, 3H), 2.91-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.68 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.30 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.97 (m, 2H), 1.88 (d, J=14.2 Hz, 2H), 1.32 (dd, J=33.8, 7.1 Hz, 2H), 0.69 (d, J=11.4 Hz, 1H).

Example 22

Compound no. 181 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.03 (br s, 1H), 7.21 (dd, J=8.5, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (s, 2H), 3.41 (m, 2H), 3.25 (m, 1H), 3.01 (m, 2H), 2.63 (m, 2H), 2.44 (m, 1H), 2.27 (m, 1H), 1.86 (m, 4H), 1.51 (m, 3H), 1.39 (m, 2H), 1.24 (m, 1H).

Example 23

Compound no. 23 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.27 (br s, 1H), 8.53 (br s, 1H), 6.93 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.72 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.48 (s, 2H), 3.40 (m, 3H), 3.04 (m, 2H), 2.64 (m, 1H), 2.57 (br s, 1H), 2.38 (m, 1H), 2.26 (m, 1H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.94 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.55 (m, 3H), 1.39 (m, 3H).

Example 24

Compound no. 367 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.08 (m, 1H), 6.95 (m, 2H), 4.28 (br s, 2H), 4.09 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 3.62 (m, 2H), 3.00 (m, 2H), 2.91 (m, 2H), 2.49 (m, 3H), 1.95-2.02 (m, 6H), 1.69 (m, 2H), 1.48 (m, 2H), 1.25 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

Example 25

Compound no. 370 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.65 (br s, 1H), 8.05 (dd, J=8.9, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (td, J=9.0, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (dd, J=8.3, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.27 (br s, 2H), 4.08 (m, 4H), 3.74 (m, 1H), 3.55 (br s, 2H), 3.06 (m, 2H), 2.30 (m, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 6H), 1.67 (m, 2H), 1.22 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).

Example 26

Compound no. 422 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.61 (br s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 4.06 (s, 2H), 3.96 (m, 3H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.51 (m, 2H), 3.11 (m, 2H), 3.00 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (br s, 2H), 2.47 (m, 1H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.11 (m, 1H), 1.88 (m, 2H), 1.77 (m, 2H), 1.13 (m, 2H).

Example 27

Compound no. 92 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.97 (br s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 4.13 (m, 2H), 4.06 (m, 4H), 3.45 (m, 3H), 3.12 (m, 2H), 2.83 (br s, 2H), 2.43 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.17 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 2H), 1.64 (m, 2H), 1.20 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).

Example 28

Compound no. 412 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.06 (s, 1H), 8.05 (q, J=4.6 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (dt, J=12.9, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (dd, J=8.3, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 4.13-4.09 (m, 4H), 4.05 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.50-3.39 (m, 3H), 3.13 (q, J=11.4 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (bs, 2H), 2.46 (t, J=13.5 Hz, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.16 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 2H), 1.88 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 2H), 1.67-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.20 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).

Example 29

Compound no. 361 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.22 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.66 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.87 (m, 6H), 2.05 (s, 2H), 2.21 (t, J=12.3 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (s, 6H), 3.05 (m, 2H), 3.52 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 2H), 3.73 (m, 1H), 3.84 (s, 2H), 4.08 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.26 (s, 2H), 6.90 (dd, J=8.3, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (m, 2H), 10.38 (br s, 1H).

Example 30

Compound no. 39 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃CN) δ 1.25 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.66 (qd, J=12.3, 4.5 Hz, 2H), 1.98 (s, 2H), 2.10 (d, J=11.8 Hz, 2H), 2.28 (td, J=14.2, 3.7 Hz, 2H), 2.81 (t, J=15.9 Hz, 2H), 2.92 (s, 6H), 3.08 (q, J=11.3 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (dd, J=13.4, 10.5 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 4.11 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.26 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 2H), 6.97 (m, 3H).

Example 31

Compound no. 91 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃CN) δ 0.96 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H), 1.66 (m, 4H), 1.98 (s, 2H), 2.10 (d, J=11.3 Hz, 2H), 2.28 (dt, J=19.9, 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (br s, 2H), 2.92 (s, 6H), 3.08 (q, J=11.2 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (t, J=12.2 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (d, J=11.9 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 4.02 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 4.27 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 2H), 6.97 (m, 3H).

Example 32

Compound no. 54 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃CN) δ 1.24 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 6H), 1.65 (dq, J=12.3, 4.5 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (s, 2H), 2.09 (d, J=11.9 Hz, 2H), 2.25 (td, J=14.2, 3.7 Hz, 2H), 2.81 (t, J=11.4 Hz, 2H), 2.93 (s, 6H), 3.09 (q, J=11.3 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (m, 1H), 3.52 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 4.26 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 2H), 4.86 (heptet, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (m, 3H).

Example 33

Compound no. 208 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃CN) δ 1.67 (dq, J=12.2, 4.2 Hz, 2H), 2.15 (m, 4H), 2.27 (t, J=14.2 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (br s, 2H), 2.92 (s, 6H), 3.09 (q, J=11.3 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (t, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 2H), 3.82 (m, 6H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 4.25 (d, J=11.2 Hz, 2H), 5.19 (s, 1H), 6.96 (m, 3H).

Example 34

Compound no. 120 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃CN) δ 1.67 (dq, J=12.2, 4.2 Hz, 2H), 2.15 (m, 4H), 2.27 (t, J=14.2 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (br s, 2H), 2.92 (s, 6H), 3.09 (q, J=11.3 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (t, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 2H), 3.82 (m, 6H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 4.25 (d, J=11.2 Hz, 2H), 5.19 (s, 1H), 6.96 (m, 3H).

Example 35

Compound no. 48 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃CN) δ 1.69 (dq, J=12.3, 4.1 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (s, 2H), 2.12 (d, J=11.5 Hz, 2H), 2.28 (t, J=14.1 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (brs, 2H), 2.92 (s, 6H), 3.09 (q, J=11.3 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (t, J=11.9 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 4.27 (m, 3H), 4.34 (m, 1H), 4.56 (t, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (t, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (m, 3H).

Example 36

Compound no. 352 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃CN) δ 1.68 (qd, J=12.3, 4.5 Hz, 2H), 1.85 (t, J=2.3 Hz, 3H), 1.98 (s, 2H), 2.12 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (td, J=14.1, 3.7 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (br s, 2H), 2.92 (s, 6H), 3.08 (q, J=11.0 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (t, J=12.1 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (d, J=11.8 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 4.25 (br s, 2H), 4.65 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 2H), 6.98 (m, 3H).

Example 37

Compound no. 127 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃CN) δ 1.68 (qd, J=12.3, 4.4 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (s, 2H), 2.11 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 2H), 2.27 (m, 2H), 2.55 (td, J=6.6, 2.7 Hz, 2H), 2.85 (br s, 2H), 2.92 (s, 6H), 3.08 (q, J=11.1 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (t, J=11.9 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 4.15 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 4.26 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 2H), 6.97 (m, 3H).

Example 38

Compound no. 264 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃CN) δ 1.67 (qd, J=12.3, 4.3 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (s, 2H), 2.11 (d, J=10.6 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (t, J=14.1 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (br s, 2H), 2.92 (s, 6H), 3.08 (q, J=10.9 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.40 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.57 (t, J=4.6 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 4.18 (dd, J=5.1, 4.0 Hz, 2H), 4.26 (d, J=12.7 Hz, 2H), 6.96 (m, 3H).

Example 39

Compound no. 172 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃CN) δ 1.71 (qd, J=12.3, 4.4 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (s, 2H), 2.14 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 2H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.35 (td, J=14.2, 3.4 Hz, 2H), 2.89 (br s, 2H), 3.10 (q, J=10.6 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (t, J=11.4 Hz, 1H), 3.53 (d, J=12.6 Hz, 2H), 4.06 (s, 2H), 4.28 (m, 2H), 4.35 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.69 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (m, 2H), 8.14 (dd, J=8.8, 4.9 Hz, 1H).

Example 40

Compound no. 102 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃CN) δ 1.71 (qd, J=12.3, 4.4 Hz, 2H), 1.85 (t, J=2.4 Hz, 3H), 1.99 (s, 2H), 2.13 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 2H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.35 (td, J=14.1, 3.6 Hz, 2H), 2.88 (br s, 2H), 3.09 (q, J=11.2 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (t, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 3.53 (d, J=12.7 Hz, 2H), 4.06 (s, 2H), 4.26 (br s, 2H), 4.66 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 2H), 6.99 (td, J=9.0, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (dd, J=8.6, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.14 (dd, 8.7, 4.8, 1H).

Example 41

Compound no. 62 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃CN) δ 1.70 (qd, J=12.2, 4.3 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (s, 2H), 2.13 (d, J=11.1 Hz, 2H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.27 (t, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 2.36 (td, J=14.0, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 2.55 (td, J=6.6, 2.7 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (br s, 2H), 3.09 (q, J=10.4 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (t, J=12.1 Hz, 1H), 3.53 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 2H), 4.06 (s, 2H), 4.16 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 4.28 (d, J=12.6 Hz, 2H), 6.99 (td, J=9.0, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (dd, J=8.6, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (dd, J=8.8, 4.9 Hz, 1H).

Example 42

Compound no. 32 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃CN) δ 1.72 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.91 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (s, 2H), 2.10 (m, 2H), 2.31 (td, J=14.0, 3.7 Hz, 2H), 2.91 (s, 6H), 2.96 (m, 2H), 3.36 (m, 2H), 3.57 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 2H), 3.63 (br s, 1H), 3.84 (s, 2H), 4.29 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (m, 3H), 4.58 (t, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (t, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (m, 3H).

Example 43

Compound no. 200 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃CN) δ 1.72 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.85 (t, J=2.4 Hz, 3H), 1.98 (m, 4H), 2.11 (m, 2H), 2.30 (td, J=14.0, 3.6 Hz, 2H), 2.91 (s, 6H), 2.96 (br s, 2H), 3.08-3.72 (m, 5H), 3.84 (s, 2H), 4.37 (s, 2H), 4.67 (d, J=16.6 Hz, 2H), 6.96 (m, 3H).

Example 44

Compound no. 229 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃CN) δ 1.66 (br s, 2H), 1.84 (br s, 2H), 1.92 (br s, 2H), 1.98 (br s, 2H), 2.23 (m, 3H), 2.50 (dd, J=6.4, 2.5 Hz, 2H), 2.84 (s, 6H), 2.93 (m, 2H), 3.08 (m, 2H), 3.50 (d, J=10.9 Hz, 2H), 3.65 (br s, 1H), 3.77 (s, 2H), 4.11 (s, 2H), 4.30 (s, 2H), 6.90 (m, 3H).

Example 45

Compound no. 165 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) d 9.73 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (q, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (q, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (dd, J=8.4, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (dd, J=5.0, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 4.16-4.10 (m, 4H), 4.06 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.56-3.49 (m, 3H), 3.19 (q, J=11.3 Hz, 2H), 2.85 (br s, 2H), 2.28-2.23 (m, 5H), 2.10 (d, J=12.9 Hz, 2H), 1.96 (d, J=13.9 Hz, 2H), 1.66-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.20 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).

Example 46

Compound no. 406 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.62 (s, 1H), 8.03 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 6.39 (d, J=10.3 Hz, 1H), 5.78-5.69 (m, 1H), 4.15-4.10 (m, 4H), 4.06 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.58-3.49 (m, 3H), 3.16 (q, J=10.8 Hz, 2H), 2.84 (br s, 2H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.16-2.07 (m, 4H), 1.93 (d, J=13.9 Hz, 2H), 1.87 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.63-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.20 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H

Example 47

Compound no. 158 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.40 (br s, 1H), 8.31 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (m, 4H), 5.34 (m, 1H), 3.40 (m, 3H), 3.13 (m, 1H), 2.97 (m, 2H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.57 (br s, 1H), 2.30 (m, 2H), 1.97 (m, 2H), 1.88 (s, 3H), 1.65 (m, 4H), 1.46 (m, 5H).

Example 48

Compound no. 182 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.43 (br s, 1H), 8.31 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (m, 4H), 5.34 (m, 1H), 3.96 (br m, 2H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.50 (m, 2H), 3.07 (m, 4H), 2.72 (m, 4H), 2.28 (m, 1H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.88 (s, 3H), 1.85 (m, 2H), 1.66 (m, 3H), 1.12 (m, 2H).

Example 49

Compound no. 358 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.65 (s, 1H), 8.30 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.31 (m, 1H), 7.27 (dt, J=10.1, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 5.33 (q, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.26 (m, 2H), 4.08 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.77-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.52 (t, J=13.0 Hz, 2H), 3.06 (q, J=11.5 Hz, 1H), 2.97 (q, J=11.8 Hz, 1H), 2.61 (dd, J=13.2, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.54-2.47 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.04 (m, 3H), 1.91-1.81 (m, 7H), 1.71-1.66 (m, 5H), 1.22 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).

Example 50

Compound no. 191 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (free base, 400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.34 (s, 1H), 7.43 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (dt, J=10.6, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (dt, J=10.4, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.03 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 4H), 2.94-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.79 (s, 2H), 2.72-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.58-2.51 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.75 (m, 4H), 1.64-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.33 (m, 2H), 1.18 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).

Example 51

Compound no. 199 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR ((free base, 400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.35 (s, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dt, J=10.5, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (m, 2H), 4.05 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.94-2.84 (m, 3H), 2.63 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 1.97-1.83 (m, 3H), 1.78-1.70 (m, 5H), 1.62-1.58 (m, 4H), 1.19 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H).

Example 52

Compound no. 318 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

Compound was prepared using reductive amination conditions described above. ¹H NMR ((free base, 400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.35 (s, 1H), 7.46 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (dt, J=10.6, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (dt, J=10.4, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.02 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.97 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.77 (m, 4H), 2.56-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.27 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.84-1.72 (m, 5H), 1.63-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.18 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.04-0.94 (m, 2H).

Example 53

Compound no. 104 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (free base, 400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.74-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.61 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.42 (m, 1H), 6.17-6.15 (m, 1H), 5.97-5.95 (m, 1H), 2.95-2.76 (m, 4H), 2.55 (s, 2H), 2.36-2.28 (m, 1H), 2.09-1.99 (m, 6H), 1.87-1.81 (m, 1H), 1.45 (d, J=3.9 Hz, 2H), 1.34-1.20 (m, 2H), 0.55-0.51 (m, 1H)

Example 54

Compound no. 186 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.44 (br s, 1H), 7.07-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.85-6.82 (m, 1H), (tt, J=28.8, 18.1 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 4.40-4.31 (m, 4H), 3.74 (q, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 3.59-3.40 (m, 4H), 2.98 (q, J=10.8 Hz, 2H), 2.07-1.93 (m, 8H), 1.68 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 4H).

Example 55

Compound no. 275 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.25 (br s, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (dd, J=8.7, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (t, J=5.1 Hz, 2H), 3.38-3.34 (m, 2H), 3.25-3.13 (m, 3H), 2.31-2.23 (m, 2H), 2.08-2.04 (m, 4H), 1.85 (d, J=13.7 Hz, 4H), 1.63 (d, J=12.6 Hz, 1H), 1.49-1.39 (m, 2H), 1.34-1.29 (m, 2H), 1.21 (m, 1H)

Example 56

Compound no. 258 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.60 (s, 1H), 9.20 (bs, 1H), 7.30-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.07-6.87 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.35 (m, 5H), 2.66-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.30 (m, 3H), 2.07-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.92 (d, J=14.7 Hz, 1H), 1.79 (d, J=14.3 Hz, 1H), 1.68-1.51 (m, 3H), 1.47-1.38 (m, 3H), 1.27-1.20 (m, 1H).

Example 57

Compound no. 152 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.41 (br s, 1H), 7.04-6.93 (m, 2H), 6.84-6.80 (m, 1H), 4.53 (s, 2H), 3.47 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1H), 3.40-3.38 (m, 1H), 3.24-3.17 (m, 1H), 3.06 (q, J=11.3 Hz, 2H), 2.19-2.11 (m, 2H), 2.05 (d, J=10.2 Hz, 2H), 1.94 (d, J=14.1 Hz, 2H), 1.84 (d, J=12.9 Hz, 2H), 1.63 (d, J=12.5 Hz, 1H), 1.46-1.23 (m, 4H), 1.17-1.07 (m, 1H).

Example 58

Compound no. 288 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.33 (br s, 1H), 7.05-6.92 (m, 2H), 6.85-6.80 (m, 1H), 6.34-6.31 (m, 1H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 4.33 (d, J=13.4 Hz, 2H), 3.83-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.51 (m, 3H), 2.95 (q, J=1.0 Hz, 2H), 2.07-1.85 (m, 8H), 1.74-1.58 (m, 4H), 1.08 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 6H).

Example 59

Compound no. 211 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.65 (br s, 1H), 7.06-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.85-6.80 (m, 1H), 5.18 (s, 1H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 4.25 (s, 2H), 3.81-3.71 (m, 5H), 3.58 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 2H), 2.98-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.13-1.94 (m, 10H), 1.65 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 4H).

Example 60

Compound no. 156 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.56 (br s, 1H), 7.06-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.86-6.80 (m, 1H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 4.26 (s, 2H), 3.57-3.44 (m, 6H), 2.97 (q, J=11.1 Hz, 2H), 2.08-2.02 (m, 4H), 1.94 (d, J=13.5 Hz, 4H), 1.70-1.65 (m, 4H).

Example 61

Compound no. 181 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.06 (br s, 1H), 7.21 (dd, J=8.5, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (s, 2H), 3.47-3.21 (m, 3H), 3.10-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.40 (m, 3H), 2.27 (s, 1H), 1.96-1.83 (m, 4H), 1.56-1.53 (m, 3H), 1.42-1.33 (m, 3H).

Example 62

Compound no. 178 was synthesized using known methods and those described above.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.42 (br s, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.16 (m, 1H), 6.84-6.81 (m, 1H), 4.14-3.99 (m, 2H), 3.46 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 4H), 3.36-3.31 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.11 (m, 3H), 2.28-2.20 (m, 2H), 2.07-2.00 (m, 4H), 1.88 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 2H), 1.75-1.64 (m, 2H).

Example 63 Physical Characteristics of Compounds of Formulae (I and II)

Additional compounds having the structures shown in Table 2 were synthesized using known methods and those described above. TABLE 2 Physical Characteristics of Compounds in Table 1. Cmd LCMS LCMS No. Plus RT NMR 2 327.3 2.8 3 309 1.88 4 379.2 1.99 5 306.2 2.32 6 476.2 2.34 7 309.4 1.93 8 353.3 2.16 9 426.2 1.94 10 519.4 1.92 11 412.2 1.98 12 397.5 2.48 13 328.2 2.05 14 460.5 2.13 15 369.2 2.19 16 508.5 2.2 17 458.4 2.35 18 286 2.13 19 378.2 1.94 20 336.4 2.23 21 484.2 2.2 22 459.4 2.04 23 297.4 1.26 24 524.5 2.44 25 496.5 2.35 26 448.5 2.18 27 359.2 2.09 28 502.2 2.15 29 367.2 2.31 30 462.4 2.53 31 372.2 1.83 32 477.2 2.2 33 476.5 2.29 35 357.2 1.99 36 428.2 2.08 37 307.2 1.01 38 464.2 2.1 39 433.2 2.14 40 546.4 2.53 41 496.4 2.28 42 389.2 2.22 43 411.4 2.31 44 496.5 2.31 45 496.4 2.29 46 414.5 2.26 47 472.3 2.08 48 451.2 2.1 49 476.2 2.08 50 510.5 2.12 51 365.2 2.11 52 345.2 1.91 53 480.2 2.35 54 447.2 2.22 55 381.2 2.21 56 398.2 2.07 57 498.5 2.28 59 514.4 2.2 60 418.3 2.22 61 400.5 1.89 62 428.2 2.12 63 476.4 2.63 65 448.2 1.77 66 550.4 2.6 67 472.3 2.06 68 395 2.6 69 512.5 2.41 70 387.2 2.02 71 414.2 1.98 72 325.5 1.94 73 510.3 2.4 74 428.2 2.19 75 347 1.57 76 460.5 2.11 77 484.2 2.3 78 476 2.34 79 418.3 2.24 80 532.5 2.33 81 410.3 2.27 82 460.5 2.12 83 526.6 2.09 84 480.2 2.28 85 331.3 1.98 87 498.5 2.29 88 483.3 2.15 89 547.4 2.49 90 490.4 2.16 91 447.2 2.23 92 400.3 2.16 93 544.5 2.29 94 444.5 2.29 95 399.2 2.31 96 488.7 2.25 97 460.5 2.95 98 432.5 2.33 99 405.2 2.36 100 467.4 2.41 101 351.2 2.11 102 428.2 2.18 103 466.4 2.09 104 308.2 2.08 105 463.4 1.45 106 516.5 2.61 107 377.4 2.29 108 473.4 2.35 109 384.3 1.72 110 297.5 1.7 111 315.3 1.65 112 544.5 2.3 113 390.2 1.76 114 448.4 2.37 115 516.5 2.51 116 397.3 2.59 117 520.5 2.33 118 353.4 2.62 120 475.2 2.05 122 492.5 2.53 123 415.2 2.29 124 443 2.33 125 528.3 2.6 126 462.4 2.23 127 457.4 2.19 128 452.2 2.06 129 404.5 2.09 130 501.3 2.21 131 373.2 2.31 132 404.4 1.76 133 429 2.39 134 399.2 2.02 135 333.2 1.47 136 430.2 2.07 137 414.4 1.99 138 339.3 1.97 139 398.2 2.21 140 430.5 2.29 141 420.2 1.95 142 432.4 2.08 143 341.2 1.78 144 467.4 1.78 145 448.2 2.36 146 480.2 2.24 148 494.5 2.56 150 492.4 2.25 151 426.3 2.32 152 290 2.16 153 370.3 1.6 154 419.2 2.03 155 305.2 1.88 156 375 1.92 157 319.2 2 158 339.3 1.92 159 341.3 2.96 160 417.5 2.35 161 353.3 2.25 162 532.5 2.33 163 343 2.03 164 344 2.56 165 468.2 1.16 166 500.5 2.78 167 446.4 2.12 168 436.2 1.84 169 495.4 2.27 170 480.3 2.93 171 339.3 1.92 172 422.2 2 173 420.2 2.07 174 456.5 2.4 175 302.3 2.16 176 393.2 2.42 177 540.4 2 178 322.4 2.17 179 470.5 2.51 180 351.3 2.22 181 318 2.38 182 400.2 1.86 183 313 1.46 184 341.2 1.87 185 351.4 1.86 186 425 2.15 187 331 1.89 188 501.3 2.19 189 552.6 2.52 191 358 1.68 192 488.3 2.25 193 492.4 2.25 194 460.4 2.49 195 516.5 2.56 196 327.2 1.62 197 525.6 2.44 198 544.5 2.3 199 384.2 2.06 200 483.4 2.35 202 432.5 2.31 203 388.2 2.12 204 302.3 2.14 205 412 1.86 206 329.5 0.92 207 316.2 2.45 208 406.4 2.29 209 475.2 2.04 210 345.2 1.94 211 419.4 2.12 212 431.4 1.96 213 351.2 2.11 214 456.5 2.38 215 491.2 2.25 216 532.5 2.33 217 410.2 2.26 218 351.2 2.11 219 388.2 2.04 220 462.4 2.54 221 504.4 2.14 222 510.4 2.35 223 461.4 2.24 224 317 1.8 225 470.5 2.43 226 373 2.23 227 389.2 2.28 228 403.2 1.93 229 446.2 2.21 230 483.4 2.3 232 375 2.08 233 552.5 2.25 234 463.2 1.49 235 432.5 2.24 236 399.2 2.03 238 308.2 2.09 239 303.3 1.73 240 345.2 2.28 241 NA NA 242 313.2 1.88 243 544.5 2.31 244 297.5 1.59 245 426.2 2.05 246 395.2 2.28 247 431.5 2.46 248 359.2 2.08 249 418.4 1.98 250 414.4 1.91 251 357.2 1.99 252 414.5 2.35 253 487.4 2.18 254 444.4 2.23 255 459.4 2.02 256 434.4 2.05 257 308.2 2.09 258 409.2 2.68 259 297.2 1.78 260 467.4 1.74 261 355.4 1.94 262 496.4 2.25 263 294.4 2.33 264 297.4 1.24 265 463.2 2.04 266 432.4 2.04 267 484.2 2.27 268 333.5 1.84 269 418.3 2.23 270 446.4 2.29 271 424.2 2.38 272 283.3 1.34 273 403.4 2.17 275 383 2.47 276 320.2 2.37 278 411.2 2.12 279 442.5 2.08 280 341.2 1.85 281 472.4 2.44 282 446.4 2.24 283 403.5 2.21 284 434.5 2.05 285 383.2 2.53 286 417.5 2.36 287 474.3 2.58 288 336.4 2.17 289 402.4 2.16 290 475.2 1.89 291 339.5 0.51 292 392.2 2.13 293 430.5 2.14 294 480.5 2.48 295 530.2 2.55 296 473.4 2.11 297 516.5 2.65 298 526.6 2.57 299 291 0.45 300 316.2 1.44 301 426.2 1.98 302 484.5 2.61 303 432.5 2.13 304 532.3 2.31 305 351.3 2.22 306 428.5 2.38 307 418.4 1.84 309 418.4 1.9 310 388.5 1.66 311 486.5 2.3 313 294 2.33 315 428 1.85 316 428.2 1.95 317 418.6 1.97 318 426.3 2.1 319 372.2 1.79 320 403.2 2.23 321 457.2 2.07 322 430.2 1.94 323 339.1 1.92 324 432.4 2.14 325 289.2 0.77 326 383.2 2.3 327 386 1.92 328 331.2 2.11 329 500.3 2.86 330 480.2 2.38 331 467.4 2.01 332 397.27 1.79 333 319.2 1.86 334 313 2.01 335 484.2 2.34 336 426 1.96 337 353.2 1.84 338 431.4 1.97 339 367.3 2.3 340 416.2 1.76 341 347 2.41 342 285.3 1.65 343 316.8 1.64 344 502.4 2.17 345 470.5 2.48 346 458.4 2.35 347 397.2 2.47 348 331.3 1.96 349 494.3 2.3 350 297.3 1.04 351 404.5 1.9 352 344 0.7 353 457.4 2.22 354 437.2 2.48 355 411.4 2.31 356 417.4 1.94 357 403 2.19 358 341.2 1.77 359 426 1.79 360 473.4 2.35 361 516.5 2.5 362 459.2 1.96 363 445.3 2.08 364 424 1.8 365 369.2 2.41 366 369.2 2.14 367 355.2 2.02 368 401.25 1.75 369 332.2 2.4 370 452.2 2.19 371 430.2 1.94 372 313.1 1.55 373 487.4 2.19 374 390.3 1.98 375 271.2 0.59 376 314 2.39 377 315.3 1.66 378 419.2 1.97 379 482.5 2.55 380 414.5 2.28 381 404.4 1.75 382 411.4 2.75 383 452.3 2.17 384 466.4 2.23 385 369 2.19 386 460.5 2.51 387 331 1.78 388 508.5 2.21 389 470.5 2.5 390 458.5 2.12 391 420.3 2.08 392 351.2 2.11 393 345.2 2.03 394 408.2 1.72 395 432.4 2.01 396 502.2 2.34 397 311.3 1.72 398 442.5 2.08 399 428.2 2.06 400 368 1.97 401 510.4 2.27 402 516.5 2.51 403 456.5 2.17 404 428.3 2.36 405 504.5 2.53 406 505.4 1.81 407 426 2.1 408 351.2 2.11 409 486.5 2.7 410 484.2 2.3 411 552.5 2.25 412 444.4 1.81 413 404.5 2.11 414 357.2 2.39 415 322.4 2.15 416 301.2 1.23 417 446.2 2.04 418 446.3 2.02 419 444.5 2.18 420 297.5 1.61 421 351.2 2.11 422 504.5 2.51 423 400.5 2.16 424 446.3 2.01 425 399.2 2.31 426 452.4 2.28 427 434.4 2.21 428 476.2 2.09 429 316.2 1.4 430 400.3 1.88 431 422.2 1.78 432 381.2 2.38 433 463.2 2.19 434 492 2.2 435 455.2 1.78 436 356.3 1.6 437 329.5 0.88 H NMR(500MHz, DMSO) 8.97(s, 1H), 7.32-7.15(m, 4H), 6.52(d, J=8.5Hz, 1H), 6.27(dd, J=3.0, 5.5Hz, 1H), 6.05(dd, J=2.6, 5.5Hz, 1H), 5.26(dd, J=8.0, 16.4Hz, 2H), 3.54(d, J=11.6Hz, 2H), 3.25-2.58(m, 13H), 2.40-2.36(m, 1H), 2.04-2.01(m, 1H), 1.85-1.68(m, 4H), 1.40-1.23(m, 2H), 0.72-0.67(m, 1H), 438 379.3 1.9 439 438.2 1.97 440 400.2 1.8 441 374.2 1.02 CD3OD:6.85(s, 1H), 6.77(s, 1H), 5.36(t, 1H), 4.30(m, 2H), 4.13(q, 2H), 3.83(s, 3H), 3.81(s, 3H), 3.45(m, 3H), 3.20(m, 1H), 2.72(dd, 1H), 2.35(m, 1H), 2.10(m, 2H), 2.00(s, 3H), 1.59-1.90(m, 14H) 442 401.6 1.85 443 443.4 1.9 444 426.2 1.93 445 424.2 2.31 446 495.2 1.91 NMR(500MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.98(br. s, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.40(d, 1H), 7.32(t, 1H), 7.22(t, 1H), 7.19(d, 1H), 6.27(dd, 1H), 6.17-6.15(m, 1H), 6.05(q, 1H), 4.94-4.92(m, 1H), 3.45(m, 2H), 3.20-3.13(m, 2H), 2.98(br.s, 1H), 2.95(m, 1H), 2.86(br.s, 1H), 2.85-2.79(m, 1H), 2.28-2.22(m, 2H), 2.07-1.99(m, 2H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.83-1.78(m, 3H), 1.73(d, 1H), 1.65-1.61(m, 1H), 1.39-1.29(m, 3H), 0.70(dt, 1H). 447 365.32 1.63 : 448 395.5 2.69 1H NMR(500MHz, DMSO(d6)): 8.98(s, 1H), 7.37(d, 1H), 7.22(t, H), 7.10(t, 1H), 7.07(d, 1H), 6.27(q, 0.7H), 6.18-6.14(m, 0.6H), 6.05(q, 0.7H), 3.43(m, 2H), 3.30-3.21(m, 1H), 3.22-3.10(m, 2H), 2.98(s, 1H), 2.95-2.90(m, 1H), 2.85(s, 1H), 2.85-2.80(m, 1H), 2.73(t, 2H), 2.28-2.22(m, 2H), 2.00(ddd, 1H), 1.89-1.87(m, 2H), 1.78-1.67(m, 4H), 1.39-1.29(m, 2H), 0.72-0.67(m, 1H). 449 308.6 2.01 450 400.1 1.81 451 494.4 1.97 DMSO(d6): 9.53(br. s), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.40(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.19(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.40(m, 2H), 3.14(t, 2H), 3.07(m, 2H), 2.27(m, 2H), 2.05(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.81(m, 3H), 1.74-1.59(m, 9H), 1.27-1.12(m, 6H), 0.89(m, 2H). 452 383.44 1.96 453 410.2 2.19 454 416.6 1.3 455 438.4 2.44 456 485.4 2.22 457 386.3 1.2 458 438.4 1.39 459 416.4 1.62 460 438.4 1.95 461 486.2 2.2 462 371.2 2.12 463 447.2 1.6 464 417.4 1.66 465 444.4 1.98 466 496.5 2.57 467 492.4 2.24 468 396.2 1.95 469 404.4 2.26 470 324.2 2.08 471 411.2 2 472 440.4 1.99 473 404.4 1.97 474 390.4 1.03 475 469.3 1.78 476 454.2 2.23 477 448.4 2.13 478 400.2 1.84 479 471.4 2.13 480 372.3 1.2 481 424.4 1.98 482 386.2 1.73 483 324.2 2.05 484 383.2 1.94 485 471.4 2.16 DMSO(d6): 9.06(br. s, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.39(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 6.27(dd, 1H), 6.05(m, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.47(m, 3H), 3.15(m, 2H), 2.98(s, 1H), 2.93(dd, 1H), 2.85(s, 1H), 2.80(ddd, 1H), 2.25(m, 2H), 2.20(m, 2H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.81(m, 3H), 1.71(d, 1H), 1.62(m, 1H), 1.35(t, 1H), 1.30(d, 1H), 0.68(dq, 1H). 486 365.3 1.61 487 394.5 2 488 328.2 1.7 489 406.4 1.65 490 353.3 1.8 491 504 2.28 492 442.4 1.66 493 396 1.71 494 428.6 1.89 495 412.3 2.3 496 428.2 2.11 497 464.4 1.92 (CDCl3, ppm) 11.89(br s, 1H), 7.47(m, 3H), 6.22(s, 2H) 5.98(s, 1H), 3.75(br s, 2H), 3.00(s, 2H), 2.86(s, 1H), 2.58(m, 5H), 2.57(m, 3H), 2.38(s, 3H), 2.06(m, 1H), 1.65(m, 2H), 1.48(m, 1H), 1.27(m, 1H), 0.72(d, J=11Hz, 1H). 498 321.9 1.76 499 480 2.43 500 509.4 2 501 343.2 1.9 502 400.2 1.84 DMSO(d6):9.03(s, 1H), 7.31(d, 1H), 7.27(t, 1H), 7.24(d, 1H), 7.18(t, 1H), 6.47(d, 1H), 4.81(m, 1H), 4.39(m, 1H), 4.34(m, 1H), 4.26(m, 1H), 4.10(q, 2H), 3.45(m, 2H), 3.21-3.08(m, 2H), 2.82(s, 6H), 2.68-2.61(m, 3H), 2.23(m, 1H), 2.03-1.92(m, 5H), 1.79(m, 1H), 1.73-1.62(m, 5H), 1.57(d, 1H), 1.51(t, 1H), 1.19(t, 3H). 503 469.3 1.87 DMSO(d6): 9.17(br.s, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.40(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.93(m, 1H), 3.55(td, 1H), 3.43(d, 2H), 3.19(m, 2H), 2.29(td, 1H), 2.24(td, 1H), 2.06(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.83(m, 6H), 1.63(m, 1H), 1.27(t, 3H), 1.08(d, 1H), 1.04(s, 6H), 0.97(s, 6H). 504 397.4 1.94 505 392.2 1.62 506 353.3 1.5 507 426.2 1.91 508 430.2 2.12 509 400.2 1.83 510 447.4 2 CD3OD: 6.85(s, 1H), 6.78(s, 1H), 5.36(t, 1H), 3.83(s, 3H), 3.81(s, 3H), 3.60(m, 2H), 3.10-3.20(m, 2H), 3.02(d, 2H), 2.72(dd, 1H), 2.25(m1H), 2.03(m, 1H), 2.00(s, 3H), 1.65-1.95(m, 8H), 1.38(m, 2H), 1.26(m, 1H), 1.07(m, 2H) 511 401.5 1.8 512 361.4 2.2 513 484.4 2.17 DMSO(d6): 9.25(m, 1H), 8.19(d, 1H), 7.39(d, 1H), 7.31(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.93(ddd, 1H), 3.49(t, 2H), 3.18(m, 2H), 3.05(t, t, 2H), 2.25(ddd, 2H), 2.06(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.83(m, 3H), 1.75(d, 1H), 1.63(m, 1H), 1.10(m, 1H), 0.68(m, 2H), 0.39(m, 2H). 514 313.2 1.27 515 450 2.04 516 422.2 1.79 517 439.4 1.44 518 400.2 1.88 519 403.5 2.1 520 459.2 1.67 CD3OD:6.86(s, 1H), 6.77(s, 1H), 5.36(t, 1H), 4.30(m, 2H), 4.13(q, 2H), 3.83(s, 3H), 3.81(s, 3H), 3.54(m, 2H),, 3.15(m, 3H), 2.70(m, 1H), 2.30(m, 1H), 2.15(m, 2H), 2.00(s, 3H), 1.70-2.009m, 7H0, 1.25-1.60(m, 5H) 521 387 1.46 522 446.3 2.41 523 528.3 2.6 524 416.2 1.8 525 408.21 1.89 526 424.2 2.29 527 485.4 2.32 528 439.4 1.66 529 468.2 2.1 530 325.2 1.3 531 467.4 1.61 532 444.5 2.37 533 354.3 1.3 534 455 2.02 535 438.4 1.46 500mHz, MeOH- d4; 7.36(d, 1H), 7.30-7.22(m, 3H), 5.20-5.17(m, 1H), 3.01(br s, 2H), 2.52-2.48(m, 1H), 2.39(s, 2H), 2.25-2.0(m, 4H), 1.95-1.49(m, 6H), 1.45-1.29(m, 5H), 0.99-0.97(m, 1H) 536 DMSO(d6): 9.50(br.s, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.39(d, 1H), 7.29(t, 1H), 7.19(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(m, 1H), 4.12(d, 2H), 4.05(q, 2H), 3.40(m, 3H), 3.19(m, 2H), 2.82(m, 2H), 2.25(m, 2H), 2.09(d, 2H), 2.03(td, 1H), 1.86(s, 3H), 1.82(m, 4H), 1.61(m, 3H), 1.19(t, 3H). 537 414.3 1.46 DMSO-d6: 9.95-9.58(m, 1H), 8.30-8.26(m, 1H), 7.53-7.40(m, 1H), 7.21-7.18(m, 1H), 7.03-6.98(m, 1H), 5.36-5.28(m, 1H), 4.08-4.05(m, 4H), 3.78(s, 1H), 3.68-3.65(m, 2H), 2.80(br s, 2H), 2.72(s, 1H), 2.69-2.63(m, 1H), 2.58(s, 2H), 2.20-2.07(m, 1H), 2.03(s, 2H), 1.97-1.90(m, 3H), 1.82-1.77(m, 1H), 1.51-1.47(m, 2H), 1.21-1.18(m, 3H) 538 404.5 1.65 539 416.4 1.57 540 419.4 1.75 541 448.2 1.65 542 300.2 1.46 543 446.3 2.13 544 485.4 1.78 545 447.2 2.4 CD3OD: 6.86(s, 1H), 6.79(s, 1H), 5.37(m, 1H), 3.84(s, 3H), 3.82(m, 3H), 3.40(m, 2H), 3.55(m, 3H), 3.00-3.20(m, 2H), 2.70(m, 1H), 2.48(m, 2H), 1.77-2.10(m, 19H including 3H singlet at 2.00) 546 439.6 1.9 547 332.2 0.75 548 314.2 1.64 549 410.2 1.81 550 456.5 2.17 551 454.2 2.03 552 467.4 1.76 553 441.4 1.76 554 428.4 2.4 555 442.4 2.24 556 486.8 2.23 557 349.2 2.03 558 447.4 1.99 559 451.8 2.24 560 416.4 1.82 561 443.2 1.93 562 413.2 1.48 563 410.4 1.91 564 410.2 2.2 565 444.4 2.08 CD3OD: 6.86(s, 1H), 6.78(s, 1H), 5.36(m, 1H), 3.83(s, 3H), 3.82(m, 3H), 3.55(m, 3H), 3.15-3.25(m, 2H), 2.25(m, 1H), 2.35(m, 1H), 2.00(s, 3H), 1.80-1.90(m, 5H), 1.36(m, 2H), 1.12(s, 6H), 1.04(s, 6H) 566 442.3 2.1 567 440.4 2.17 DMSO(d6): 9.40(br. s), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.38(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.41(m, 2H), 3.13(m, 4H), 2.24(m, 2H), 2.05(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.84-1.76(m, 3H), 1.74-1.65(m, 5H), 1.64-1.56(m, 4H), 1.33-1.12(m, 4H), 0.96(m, 2H). 568 369.43 1.82 DMSO-d6: 7.69(d, 1H), 7.52(d, 2H), 7.43(d, 2H), 7.25(d, 2H), 7.01(d, 2H), 6.26(m, 1H), 6.06(d, 1H), 4.95(m, 1H), 4.49(m, 1H), 3.77(s, 3H), 3.55(m, 2H), 2.42(m, 1H), 2.79-3.15(m, 7H), 1.94-2.11(m, 3H), 1.71(d, 3H), 0.68-0.70(m, 2H) 569 477 1.58 570 444.4 1.5 571 434 2.14 572 484.2 1.76 573 410.2 2.21 574 413 1.68 DMSO(d6): 9.25(br. s), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.37(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.93(d, 2H), 3.42(m, 3H), 3.15(m, 4H), 2.71(m, 1H), 2.20(m, 2H), 2.04(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.82(m, 3H), 1.72(d, 1H), 1.63(m, 5H), 1.49(m, 1H), 1.39(s, 9H), 1.04(ddd, 1H). 575 470.4 1.82 DMSO(d6): 8.92(br.s, 1H), 8.39(d, 1H), 7.39(d, 1H), 7.32(t, 1H), 7.21(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 6.27(dd, 1H), 6.05(m, 1H), 4.95(q, 1H), 3.45(m, 3H), 3.28-3.10(m, 3H), 2.98(s, 1H), 2.94(ddd, 1H), 2.85(s, 1H), 2.81(ddd, 1H), 2.25(m, 2H), 2.03(ddd, 2H), 1.82(m, 3H), 1.71(d, 1H), 1.65(m, 1H), 1.58(m, 1H), 1.38(dd, 1H), 1.29(d, 1H), 0.78-0.63(m, 4H). 576 391.38 1.83 577 303.2 1.93 578 424.2 1.99 579 422.2 1.79 580 490.2 1.79 DMSO(d6): 9.14(br. s), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.36(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.4(m, 2H), 3.18-3.01(m, 4H), 2.21(m, 3H), 2.04(dd, 1H), 2.00(s, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.82(m, 3H), 1.72(d, 1H), 1.64(m, 2H), 1.47(m, 4H), 1.35(m, 2H), 1.17-1.02(m, 4H). 581 381.4 1.89 582 357.2 2.1 583 480.2 2.2 584 459.4 2.08 585 439.2 1.95 586 355.23 1.59 587 418.4 1.9 588 495.4 2.01 589 424.2 1.95 590 445.6 1.88 H NMR(500MHz, DMSO(d6)): 9.14(s, H), 7.36(d, 1H), 7.22(t, 1H), 7.09(t, 1H), 7.07(d, 1H), 4.10(d, 2H), 4.05(q, 2H), 3.48-3.39(m, 4H), 3.19(q, 2H), 2.83(m, 2H), 2.71(t, 2H), 2.27(td, 2H), 2.09(d, 2H), 1.87(m, 2H), 1.77(d, 2H), 1.72-1.68(m, 2H), 1.58(qd, 2H), 1.22(t, 3H). 591 357.4 1.87 592 471.4 1.83 593 468.3 1.61 594 453.4 1.4 595 459.4 2.01 596 434 2.14 597 391.2 2.16 598 473.4 2.28 CD3OD: 6.86(s, 1H), 6.77(s, 1H), 5.35(m, 1H), 3.83(s, 3H), 3.82(m, 3H), 3.15-3.25(m, 3H), 2.25(m, 1H), 2.35(m, 1H), 2.00(s, 3H), 1.40-1.90(m, 26H) 599 471.6 2.3 600 383.4 2.28 601 404.4 1.86 DMSO(d6): 9.09(m, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.38(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(ddd, 1H), 3.86(t, 1H), 3.78(ddd, 1H), 3.67(q, 1H), 3.43(m, 3H), 3.19(m, 4H), 3.66(m, 1H), 2.25(m, 2H), 2.12(m, 1H), 2.05(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.82(m, 3H), 1.73(d, 1H), 1.63(m, 2H). 602 343.1 0.97 603 454.2 2.13 604 440.4 2.08 DMSO(d6): 8.85(br.s, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.41(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.19(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(m, 1H), 3.42(m, 2H), 3.14(m, 2H), 3.00(t, 2H), 2.29(m, 2H), 2.05(m, 1H), 1.86(s, 3H), 1.85-1.58(m, 11H), 1.26(m, 2H), 1.17(m, 1H), 0.99(m, 2H). 605 355.3 1.71 606 454.2 2.24 607 442.4 1.69 608 439.4 1.73 CD3OD: 7.73(dd, 1H), 7.67(d, 1H), 7.63(d, 1H), 3.50(, .2H), 3.26(m, 2H), 2.83(s, 2H), 2.37(m, 2H), 2.13(m, 2H), 1.60-1.90(m, 12H) 609 332 1.84 610 414.4 1.96 611 432.4 1.86 612 314.2 1.59 613 412.2 2.01 614 471.4 2 615 454.2 1.98 DMSO(d6):8.76(s, 1H), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.39(t, 1H), 7.31(d, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.88(dd, 2H), 3.44(m, 2H), 3.34(t, 2H), 3.17(m, 2H), 3.06(t, 2H), 2.31-2.14(m, 2H), 2.11-2.02(m, 2H), 1.86(s, 3H), 1.81(m, 3H), 1.71(d, 1H), 1.64(m, 3H), 1.27(ddd, 2H). 616 357.2 1.48 617 384.2 1.91 618 450.4 2.08 619 456.2 1.72 620 438.2 2.12 621 411.2 2.38 622 324.3 2.07 623 454.2 1.69 DMSO(d6):8.29(s, 1H), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.45(d, 1H), 7.31(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.93(m, 1H), 3.38(m, 2H), 3.20-3.09(m, 3H), 2.34(qd, 2H), 2.25-2.13(m, 2H), 2.08-2.03(m, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.83(m, 4H), 1.74-1.60(m, 4H), 1.55(d, 2H), 1.33-1.22(m, 4H), 0.82(s, 6H), 0.79(t, 3H). 624 411.3 2.34 625 469.2 2.32 626 386.2 1.72 DMSO(d6): 9.06(br.s, 1H), 7.47(d, 1H), 7.45(d, 1H), 7.32(t, 1H), 7.24(t, 1H), 6.26(dd, 1H), 6.04(dd, 1H), 4.45(q, 1H), 3.38(m, 2H), 3.15(m, 2H), 3.05(s, 3H), 2.98(s, 1H), 2.93(ddd, 1H), 2.85(s, 1H), 2.80(ddd, 1H), 2.23(m, 2H), 2.07(m, 1H), 2.01(ddd, 1H), 1.94(m, 1H), 1.86(dd, 1H), 1.78(m, 2H), 1.69(d, 1H), 1.38(d, 1H), 1.35(d, 1H), 1.29(d, 1H), 0.68(dq, 1H). 627 401.35 1.79 628 433.4 1.78 629 505.4 2.03 630 487 2.31 631 442.3 1.52 632 404.4 1.9 633 485.4 1.94 634 404.4 1.88 635 398.3 2.2 DMSO(d6): 9.16(br. s, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.36(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.19(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.91(q, 1H), 3.31(m, 2H), 3.20(t, 2H), 3.13(t, 2H), 2.74(m, 1H), 2.25-2.09(m, 4H), 2.04(dd, 1H), 1.91(m, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.82(m, 6H), 1.71(d, 1H), 1.62(m, 1H). 636 327.3 1.42 637 410.2 1.86 638 383.4 2.28 639 393.5 2.1 CD3CN: 7.50-7.35(m, 1H), 7.12-7.05(m, 1H), 7.02-6.99(m, 1H), 6.86-6.77(m, 1H), 5.42-5.35(m, 1H), 3.88-3.84(m, 2H), 3.36-3.13(m, 4H), 2.72(dd, J=7.5, 12.7Hz, 1H), 2.63-2.54(m, 1H), 2.32(s, 1H), 2.29(s, 1H), 2.23-2.18(m, 4H), 2.12-1.93(m, 1H), 1.89-1.79(m, 1H), 1.57-1.34(m, 5H), 1.27-1.21(m, 2H), 0.87-0.75(m, 1H) 640 357.1 1.71 641 383.4 2.24 1H NMR(500MHz, DMSO(d6)): 8.50(br. s, 1H), 7.41(d, 1H), 7.22(t, 1H), 7.13(t, 1H), 7.06(d, 1H), 3.50(m, 2H), 3.38(m, 1H), 3.30(m, 1H), 3.22-3.10(m, 2H), 2.72(t, 2H), 2.37-2.25(m, 4H), 2.01(t, 1H), 1.90-1.87(m, 2H), 1.75-1.59(m, 8H), 1.52-1.37(m, 2H), 1.30-1.15(m, 2H). 642 296.3 1.9 CD3OD: 7.38-7.63(m, 5H), 6.66(s, 1H), 6.45(m, 1H), 5.70(s, 1H), 5.40(m, 1H), 3.73(s, 3H), 3.54(m, 2H), 3.47(s, 3H), 2.33(s, 3H), 2.16(m, 4H), 1.96(m, 4H), 1.20-1.75(m, 13H) 643 491.6 2.2 644 347.4 1.91 645 471.4 2.17 DMSO(d6):8.35(s, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.45(d, 1H), 7.31(t, 1H), 7.21(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.93(m, 1H), 3.55(m, 2H), 3.37(m, 1H), 3.20-3.09(m, 2H), 2.34(qd, 2H), 2.24-2.13(m, 2H), 2.06(m, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.90-1.81(m, 3H), 1.74-1.58(m, 5H), 1.30(q, 2H), 1.15(m, 2H), 0.88(s, 9H). 646 397.2 2.2 DMSO-d6:9.12(s, 1H), 7.49(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 6.93(d, 1H), 5.14(dd, 1H), 3.39(dd, 2H), 3.24-3.07(m, 3H), 2.98(t, 2H), 2.88(ddd, 1H), 2.59(td, 1H), 2.41-2.29(m, 3H), 2.19(td, 1H), 1.95-1.59(m, 13H), 1.27(m, 2H), 1.17(tt, 1H), 0.99(m, 2H). 647 381.4 1.78 648 492.4 2.22 649 471.4 1.85 H NMR(500MHz, DMSO) 8.60(br s, 1H, from TFA), 8.44(d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 7.32(dt, J=25.2, 8.1Hz, 2H), 7.21(dd, J=7.3, 18.5Hz, 2H), 5.39(q, 1H), 4.07-2.97(m, 4H, partially obscured by solvent), 2.70-2.60(m, 2H), 2.45-2.31(m, 2H), 2.07-1.91(m, 2H), 1.72-1.55(m, 8H), 1.46-1.41(m, 3H), 1.25-1.17(m, 1H), 0.77-0.66(m, 4H) 650 365.3 1.9 651 459.4 2.06 NMR(500MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.98(br. s, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.40(d, 1H), 7.32(t, 1H), 7.22(t, 1H), 7.19(d, 1H), 6.27(dd, 1H), 6.17-6.15(m, 1H), 6.05(q, 1H), 4.94-4.92(m, 1H), 3.45(m, 2H), 3.20-3.13(m, 2H), 2.98(br.s, 1H), 2.95(m, 1H), 2.86(br.s, 1H), 2.85-2.79(m, 1H), 2.28-2.22(m, 2H), 2.07-1.99(m, 2H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.83-1.78(m, 3H), 1.73(d, 1H), 1.65-1.61(m, 1H), 1.39-1.29(m, 3H), 0.70(dt, 1H). 652 365.32 1.63 653 530 2.65 654 371.1 2.75 DMSO(d6): 9.28(br.s, 1H), 8.19(d, 1H), 7.39(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.19(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(m, 1H), 3.42(m, 2H), 3.25-3.08(m, 4H), 2.34-2.14(m, 5H), 2.05(t, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.81(m, 4H), 1.70(d, 1H), 1.63(m, 1H), 1.49(m, 2H), 1.37(m, 2H), 1.30(d, 1H), 1.14(m, 2H) 0.81(m, 1H). 655 367.4 1.71 656 424.2 1.98 1H NMR(500MHz, DMSO(d6)): 8.82(s, 1H), 7.33(d, 1H), 7.22(t, 1H), 7.14(t, 1H), 7.06(d, 1H), 3.43-3.35(m, 3H), 3.14-3.03(m, 2H), 2.72(t, 2H), 2.45-2.39(m, 2H), 2.32(m, 2H), 2.18(td, 2H), 1.87-1.84(m, 2H), 1.76-1.67(m, 4H), 1.60(t, 2H), 1.56-1.46(m, 1H), 1.42(d, 2H), 1.30(t, 2H), 1.02(dt, 1H). 657 310.3 2.05 658 450 1.93 659 467.4 1.87 660 439.2 1.74 661 480.2 2.4 662 447.4 1.57 DMSO(d6): 9.16(br.s, 1H), 8.39(d, 1H), 7.43(d, 1H), 7.31(t, 1H), 7.21(t, 1H), 7.15(d, 1H), 4.95(q, 1H), 3.27(m, 3H), 2.31(m, 2H), 2.07(m, 3H), 1.85-1.26(m, 18H), 0.78-0.63(m, 4H). 663 381.44 1.79 664 466.43 1.72 665 431.4 1.78 666 355.4 1.57 667 382.4 2.11 DMSO(d6): 8.93(br.s, 1H), 7.46(d, 1H), 7.44(d, 1H), 7.35(d, 1H), 7.32(t, 1H), 7.21(t, 1H), 4.45(q, 1H), 3.11(m, 2H), 3.04(s, 3H), 2.35(m, 2H), 2.15(m, 2H), 2.05(dd, 1H), 1.97(m, 2H), 1.86-1.62(m, 6H), 1.56-1.26(m, 7H), 1.15(t, 1H). 668 403.34 1.79 669 440.3 1.57 670 355 2.51 671 356.3 1.3 672 410.2 1.82 DMSO(d6):8.68(s, 1H), 7.38(d, 1H), 7.27(t, 1H), 7.24(d, 1H), 7.18(t, 1H), 6.48(d, 1H), 4.82(q, 1H), 3.42(d, 2H), 3.15(m, 2H), 3.00(t, 2H), 2.82(s, 6H), 2.41(td, 1H), 2.22(dd, 1H), 2.15(td, 1H), 1.89(d, 1H), 1.82-1.63(m, 10H), 1.28(q, 2H), 1.17(m, 1H), 0.99(q, 2H). 673 384.3 2 674 433.2 1.6 675 471.4 2.17 676 418.2 2.07 677 463.2 0.96 678 482.4 2.24 679 398.2 1.64 680 372.2 1.56 681 416.4 1.62 682 299.1 1.8 683 414.4 1.99 684 456.4 1.81 685 361.2 1.32 686 480.2 2.08 687 396.5 2.1 688 455.4 2.09 689 502.2 2.27 690 384.3 2.1 DMSO-d6: 10.16-9.77(m, 1H), 8.28(m, 1H), 7.54-7.42(m, 1H), 7.19(m, 1H), 7.03-6.97(m, 1H), 5.37-5.28(m, 1H), 3.79-3.74(m, 1H), 3.69-3.47(m, 1H), 3.30-3.16(m, 1H), 2.74-2.62(m, 1H), 2.58(s, 3H), 2.19-2.04(m, 3H), 1.89(m, 3H), 1.82-1.77(m, 3H), 1.63(m, 1H), 1.40-1.35(m, 2H), 1.28-1.23(m, 2H), 1.10(td, J=12.7, 9.5Hz, 1H) 691 331.4 1.71 DMSO-d6: 9.65-9.45(m, 1H), 8.27(d, J=7.5Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.45(m, 1H), 7.50(s, 1H), 7.22-7.15(m, 1H), 7.04-6.99(m, 1H), 6.25(dd, J=3.1, 6.9Hz, 1H), 6.06-6.04(m, 1H), 5.34-5.28(m, 1H), 3.86(d, J=4.1Hz, 1H), 3.77-3.69(m, 2H), 3.31-3.21(m, 2H), 3.03-3.01(m, 1H), 2.98-2.94(m, 2H), 2.90(s, 1H), 2.58(s, 2H), 2.36(t, J=1.8Hz, 1H), 2.18-2.12(m, 1H), 2.02-1.94(m, 1H), 1.83(s, 3H), 1.38-1.28(m, 2H) 692 355.4 1.87 693 694 471.4 2.06 695 433.2 1.87 DMSO(d6): 8.64(m, 1H), 8.18(t, 1H), 7.43(d, 1H), 7.31(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.92(m, 1H), 3.49(m, 1H), 3.41(t, 1H), 3.33(t, 1H), 3.17(m, 2H), 2.61(s, 1H), 2.31(m, 3H), 2.02(m, 2H), 1.86(s, 3H), 1.85-1.60(m, 8H), 1.40(m, 3H), 1.20(dd, 1H). 696 353.3 1.54 697 388.2 0.95 698 447.4 1.89 699 374.2 0.92 700 442.2 2.36 701 429.4 1.71 CD3OD: 7.63(d, H), 7.39(d, 1H), 7.35(d, 1H), 4.21(q, 2H), 3.63(m, 2H), 3.30(m, 2H), 3.17(d, 2H), 2.98(s, 2H), 2.24(m, 2H), 1.75-1.90(m, 8H), 1.29-1.39(m, 5H), 1.09(m, 2H) 702 375 2.18 703 342.2 1.7 704 461.4 2.01 1H-NMR(300MHz, DMSO-d6):? 6.87(d, J=8.7Hz, 1H), 6.69(t, J=7.5Hz, 1H), 6.40(dd, J=8.7Hz, J=4.5Hz, 1H), 4.42(m, 2H), 3.28(s, 2H), 2.78(d, J=11.1Hz, 1H), 2.58(d, J=11.7Hz, 1H), 3.38(m, 1H), 1.85-2.05(m, 4H), 1.70-1.85(m, 3H), 1.40-1.60(m, 4H), 1.09(dd, J=11.7Hz, J=4.8Hz, 1H). 705 302.2 1.33 706 447.4 2.01 707 431.2 2.41 708 423.4 1.6 DMSO(d6):9.00(s, 1H), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.34(t, 1H), 7.30(d, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.85(dd, 2H), 3.4(m, 2H), 3.29(t, 2H), 3.15(m, 4H), 2.22-2.14(m, 2H), 2.04(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.81(m, 3H), 1.73(d, 1H), 1.65-1.55(m, 6H), 1.21(ddd, 2H). 709 371.2 1.52 710 382.4 1.4 711 455.2 2.15 712 477.4 2.15 713 371.2 2.1 714 448.3 2.18 CD3OD: 7.71(d, 1H), 7.62(d, 1H), 7.52(dd, 1H), 3.68(m, 2H), 3.48(m, 1H), 3.30(m, 2H), 2.80(s, 2H), 2.40(m, 2H), 2.15(m, 1H), 1.88(m, 2H), 1.56-1.91(m, 4H), 1.30(m, 1H) 715 318 1.71 DMSO(d6): 9.20(m, 1H), 8.19(d, 1H), 7.41(d, 1H), 7.29(t, 1H), 7.19(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(m, 1H), 3.38(m, 2H), 3.20(m, 2H), 2.26(m, 2H), 2.10(m, 1H), 2.03(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.85-1.68(m, 6H), 1.63(m, 3H), 1.44(q, 2H), 1.29(q, 2H), 1.12(m, 2H). 716 341.2 1.46 717 468.4 2.48 718 466 1.67 719 464.2 1.66 720 438.2 1.44 721 443.4 2.03 722 436.2 1.91 DMSO(d6): 9.07(br.s, 1H), 7.46(d, 1H), 7.44(d, 1H), 7.41(d, 1H), 7.32(t, 1H), 7.23(t, 1H), 4.45(q, 1H), 3.04(s, 3H), 2.26(m, 2H), 2.06(m, 3H), 1.93(m, 3H), 1.87-1.67(m, 8H), 1.59-1.38(m, 8H), 1.30(m, 1H). 723 391.36 1.76 724 412 1.88 725 440.3 2.5 726 422.5 2.3 727 497.4 1.92 728 463.2 1.04 729 428 1.63 730 448.3 2.18 731 456.3 1.95 H NMR(500MHz, MeOD) 7.72-7.64(m, 3H), 7.45-7.41(dt, 1H), 3.05(t, 2H), 2.62(s, 2H), 2.42-2.38(m, 2H), 2.27-2.15(m, 3H), 2.12-2.0(m, 2H), 1.85-1.77(m, 2H), 1.60-1.32(m, 7H), 1.00-0.97(m, 1H), 732 296.2 1.46 733 443.2 1.69 734 398.2 2.19 735 467 2.05 736 426.3 2.4 737 355.4 2.38 1H NMR(500MHz, DMSO(d6)): 9.01(s, H), 7.38(d, 1H), 7.21(t, 1H), 7.14(t, 1H), 7.05(d, 1H), 3.40(m, 1H), 3.27-3.17(m, 4H), 2.72(t, 2H), 2.26(td, 2H), 2.12-2.05(m, 2H), 1.88-1.86(m, 2H), 1.76-1.67(m, 8H), 1.57-1.46(m, 6H). 739 DMSO(d6): 9.12(br.s, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.39(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 6.27(m, 1H), 6.04(m, 1H), 4.92(m, 1H), 3.44(m, 2H), 3.14(m, 2H), 2.98(s, 1H), 2.94(m, 1H), 2.84(s, 1H), 2.80(m, 1H), 2.26(m, 2H), 2.03(m, 2H), 1.86(s, 3H), 1.81(m, 3H), 1.70(d, 1H), 1.62(m, 1H), 1.37(t, 1H), 1.29(d, 1H), 0.68(m, 1H). 740 365.3 1.67 DMSO(d6):9.04(s, 1H), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.34(t, 1H), 7.30(d, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.79(m, 1H), 3.42(m, 3H), 3.16(m, 7H), 2.89(m, 1H), 2.22-2.14(m, 2H), 2.05(m, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.83(m, 5H), 1.74(d, 1H), 1.63(m, 3H), 1.46(m, 1H), 1.35(m, 1H), 1.17(q, 1H), 0.90(d, 6H). 741 470.3 2.13 742 426.2 1.93 743 424.2 1.8 DMSO(d6): 9.05(br.s, 1H), 8.39(d, 1H), 7.38(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.21(t, 1H), 7.15(d, 1H), 4.95(q, 1H), 3.11(m, 2H), 2.35(m, 2H), 2.25-2.12(m, 3H), 2.07-1.96(m, 2H), 1.82(m, 3H), 1.72(m, 2H), 1.65(m, 2H), 1.60-1.25(m, 9H), 1.16(t, 1H), 0.78-0.63(m, 4H). 744 393.4 1.83 745 455.3 1.74 746 444.6 1.99 747 436.4 1.89 748 457.2 2 749 461.4 2.01 750 443.2 2.08 751 458.6 2.31 752 440.4 2.13 753 372.2 1.53 754 442.5 2.23 755 396.62 1.7 756 444.6 2.19 757 440.5 2.41 758 324.2 2.04 759 369.2 2.15 760 469.4 1.5 761 457.2 1.96 762 467.4 2.21 763 436.3 2.4 DMSO(d6): 9.38(m, 1H), 8.19(d, 1H), 7.37(d, 1H), 7.31(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.92(m, 1H), 3.53(m, 2H), 3.22(m, 2H), 3.04(m, 2H), 2.42(m, 2H), 2.21(qd, 2H), 2.10(dd, 1H), 1.91(t, 2H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.84(m, 3H), 1.74(d, 1H), 1.64(s, 3H). 1.63(m, 1H), 1.54(m, 2H), 1.41(m, 2H), 1.01(s, 6H). 764 409.4 2.09 CDCl3(ppm): 7.93(1H, br s), 7.43(1H, m), 7.36(1H, m), 4.35(2H, br s), 4.12(2H, m), 3.98(1H, br s), 3.21(1H, br s), 3.08(2H, br s), 2.76(4H, m), 2.05(3H, m), 1.62(1H, br s), 1.28(6H, m). 765 360.9 1.68 DMSO-d6:9.16(s, 1H), 7.55(d, 1H), 7.31(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 6.93(d, 1H), 5.15(dd, 1H), 3.47(m, 1H), 3.34(t, 2H), 3.24-3.11(m, 3H), 2.88(q, 1H), 2.60(t, 2H), 2.41-2.26(m, 5H), 2.08-1.33(m, 13H), 1.28-1.14(m, 2H). 766 379.35 1.63 767 483.4 1.93 768 476 2.5 769 464.5 1.67 770 495.4 1.95 771 376.2 1.59 772 465.2 1.86 DMSO(d6): 8.74(br.s, 1H), 7.47(d, 1H), 7.45(d, 1H), 7.32(t, 1H), 7.23(t, 1H), 4.45(q, 1H), 3.43(m, 2H), 3.15(q, 2H), 3.05(s, 3H), 3.00(t, 2H), 2.28(m, 2H), 2.07(dd, 1H), 1.95(m, 1H), 1.88-1.63(m, 10H), 1.28(q, 2H), 1.18(tt, 1H), 0.99(q, 2H). 773 391.38 1.79 CD3OD:6.86(s, 1H), 6.77(s, 1H), 5.36(t, 1H), 4.30(m, 2H), 4.13(q, 2H), 3.83(s, 3H), 3.81(s, 3H), 3.60(m, 2H), 3.45(m, 1H), 3.15(m, 2H), 2.85(brm, 4H), 2.70(m, 2H), 2.40(m, 2H), 2.20(m, 2H), 2.00(s, 3H), 1.60-1.90(m, 5H), 1.26(t, 3H) 774 460.1 1.45 775 443.4 1.9 776 456.4 1.81 777 436.2 1.93 778 779 353.2 1.8 780 371.3 0.9 781 523.6 2.08 782 400.3 1.4 783 371.2 1.82 in DMSO-d6 784 395.6 2.39 785 414.2 1.92 786 414.2 1.98 CD3OD: 7.70(d, 1H), 7.66(d, 1H), 7.52(dd, 1H), 3.62(m, 2H), 3.23(m, 3H), 2.81(s, 2H), 2.33(m, 2H), 2.18(m, 2H), 1.90-1.99(m, 4H), 1.75(s, 1H), 1.56(m, 2H), 1.44(m, 2H), 1.25(m, 1H) 787 330 1.74 CD3OD: 7.61(d, 1H), 7.45(m, 1H), 7.37(s, 1H), 6.29(m, 2H), 6.05(m, 2H), 4.93(m, 1H), 3.65(m, 2H), 2.90-3.10(m, 10H), 2.40-2.60(m, 3H), 1.70-2.10(m, 7H), 1.55(m, 2H), 1.40(m, 2H), 0.65-0.80(m, 2H) 788 449 1.38 DMSO(d6):8.51(s, 1H), 7.40(d, 1H), 7.28(t, 1H), 7.24(d, 1H), 7.19(t, 1H), 6.48(d, 1H), 4.82(q, 1H), 3.50(m, 1H), 3.42(d, 1H), 3.33(d, 1H), 3.16(m, 2H), 2.82(s, 6H), 2.61(m, 1H), 2.41(dd, 1H), 2.31(m, 1H), 2.22(dd, 1H), 2.19(td, 1H), 2.01(m, 1H), 1.89(d, 1H), 1.80(m, 1H), 1.71-1.56(m, 6H), 1.41(m, 3H), 1.17(dd, 1H). 789 382.1 1.87 790 439.4 1.75 791 466.4 1.46 792 370.3 1.98 793 438.4 2.44 794 411.2 2.04 795 466.4 1.57 796 345.2 1.95 H NMR(500MHz, DMSO) 8.79(s, 1H), 8.16(d, J=8.2Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.16(m, 4H), 5.37(q, J=7.9Hz, 2H), 3.53-3.47(m, 2H), 3.07-2.98(m, 4H), 2.69-2.63(m, 1H), 2.40-2.34(m, 1H), 2.11(dt, 2H), 1.90-1.54(m, 12H), 1.31-1.13(m, 3H), 1.02-0.96(m, 2H), 0.89(t, J=7.4Hz, 3H), 797 369.5 2.1 798 419.5 2.1 799 492.2 2.36 800 447.3 1.98 801 379.5 2 1H NMR(500MHz, DMSO(d6)): 8.70(s, 1H), 7.39(d, 1H), 7.22(t, 1H), 7.14(t, 1H), 7.06(d, 1H), 3.40(d, 2H), 3.14(dd, 2H), 3.00(t, 2H), 2.72(t, 2H), 2.28(td, 2H), 1.89-1.87(m, 2H), 1.83-1.66(m, 10H), 1.28(q, 2H), 1.21-1.13(m, 1H), 1.03-0.96(m, 2H). 803 328.2 1.7 804 470.2 1.81 805 465 1.98 806 413.3 0.5 807 419.2 1.75 808 456.2 2.56 DMSO(d6): 9.09(br.s, 1H), 7.46(d, 1H), 7.45(t, 1H), 7.31(d, 2H), 7.23(m, 1H), 7.21(t, 1H), 4.45(q, 1H), 4.26(br.s, 2H), 4.08(m, 4H), 3.89(m, 1H), 3.76(m, 1H), 3.10(q, 2H), 3.05(s, 3H), 2.11(m, 3H), 1.93(m, 2H), 1.87-1.59(dd, 7H), 1.34(m, 1H), 1.21(t, 3H), 1.16(q, 2H). 809 476.35 1.68 DMSO(d6): 9.51(m, 0.62H), 9.29(m, 0.38H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.36(d, 0.64H), 7.33(d, 0.36H), 7.28(t, 1H), 7.19(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(m, 1H), 4.33-4.26(m, 2H), 4.06(q, 2H), 4.05(m, 1H), 3.45(m, 2H), 3.13(m, 2H), 2.66(m, 1H), 2.26-1.98(m, 4H), 1.92(m, 2H), 1.86(s, 3H), 1.85-1.58(m, 9H), 1.54(t, 1H), 1.24(t, 3H), 1.20(m, 1H). 810 440.3 1.57 811 439.2 1.52 812 471.4 1.81 813 402.2 2.04 814 485.4 2.12 815 398.2 2.19 816 396.2 1.73 817 447.5 2.5 818 440 2.1 DMSO(d6): 9.15(br. s), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.36(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.76(m, 2H), 3.42(m, 3H), 3.18(m, 4H), 2.80(t, 1H), 2.20(m, 2H), 2.05(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.81(m, 4H), 1.73(d, 1H), 1.67-1.52(m, 4H), 1.45-1.29(m, 2H), 1.40(s, 9H), 1.15(m, 1H). 819 470.43 1.85 820 464.2 2.24 DMSO-d6: 9.48-9.05(m, 1H), 8.28-8.25(m, 1H), 7.58-7.40(m, 1H), 7.22-7.19(m, 1H), 7.05-7.00(m, 1H), 5.32-5.29(m, 1H), 3.90-3.88(m, 1H), 3.73(d, J=9.6Hz, 1H), 3.69-3.63(m, 2H), 2.63(t, J=1.8Hz, 1H), 2.51(s, 4H), 2.28(t, J=5.1Hz, 1H), 2.19-2.10(m, 1H), 2.02-1.98(m, 1H), 1.95-1.89(m, 3H), 1.61-1.52(m, 3H), 1.38(d, J=9.7Hz, 3H), 1.12(t, J=12.7Hz, 1H) 821 343.4 1.71 822 420.2 1.81 DMSO-d6: 10.17-9.82(m, 1H), 8.31-8.23(m, 1H), 7.55-7.50(m, 1H), 7.21-7.16(m, 1H), 7.03-6.99(m, 1H), 5.35-5.29(m, 1H), 4.92-4.85(m, 1H), 3.76-3.66(m, 1H), 3.53-3.30(m, 3H), 2.75-2.61(m, 1H), 2.58(s, 2H), 2.31-2.20(m, 1H), 2.18-2.00(m, 3H), 1.86-1.77(m, 3H), 1.74-1.60(m, 4H), 1.53-1.40(m, 5H) 823 345.4 1.86 824 428.2 1.57 825 438.4 2.42 826 342.2 1.91 827 440.4 2.07 DMSO(d6):9.04(s, 1H), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.34(t, 1H), 7.30(d, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.93(q, 1H), 4.10(m, 2H), 3.43(m, 3H), 3.18(m, 4H), 2.92(m, 1H), 2.20(m, 2H), 2.06(m, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.83(m, 4H), 1.74(d, 1H), 1.66(m, 3H), 1.55(m, 1H), 1.44(m, 1H), 1.35(m, 1H), 1.24(m, 1H), 1.20(s, 9H). 828 454.3 1.91 829 436.4 1.87 830 327.1 2.1 831 496.5 2.68 833 412.2 1.48 in DMSO-d6 834 339.22 2.7 835 408.3 2.2 CD3OD: 7.70(d, 1H), 7.65(s, 1H), 7.52(d, 1H), 4.45(m, 2H), 4.17(m, 3H), 3.76(m, 2H), 3.13(m, 2H), 2.79(s, 2H), 1.60-2.30(m, 13H), 1.27(m, 3H), 836 417 1.76 837 498.4 2.18 838 468.2 2.56 839 540 2.16 840 402.2 1.81 841 472.3 2.56 842 382.5 2 843 386.2 1.71 844 414.2 2.2 845 383.2 2.33 MeOD:7.86(m, 1H), 7.55(d, J=2.4Hz, 1H), 7.40(d, J=7.3Hz, 1H), 4.02(m, 1H), 3.89(m, 1H), 3.25-3.15(m, 2H), 3.58(m, 1H), 3.47(m, 1H), 3.05(m, 1H), 2.84(d, J=6.9Hz, 1H), 2.65(br m, 1H), 2.32(m, 1H), 1.89(m, 1H), 1.82-1.79(m, 4H), 1.73-1.71(m, 1H), 1.34-1.23(m, 3H), 1.10-1.04(m, 2H) 846 302.4 2.04 847 487.2 2.33 848 469.4 2.44 849 375.4 2.4 850 414.2 1.98 851 460.4 2.4 852 444.4 1.5 853 444.4 2.14 DMSO-d6:9.58(s, 1H), 7.46(d, 1H), 7.29(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 6.93(d, 1H), 5.14(dd, 1H), 3.47-3.36(m, 3H), 3.21(q, 2H), 3.01(m, 2H), 2.88(ddd, 1H), 2.44-2.29(m, 6H), 2.11(td, 1H), 2.00-1.87(m, 5H), 1.84-1.69(m, 2H), 1.66-1.52(m, 5H), 1.48-1.34(m, 3H). 854 393.36 1.74 855 440.4 1.85 DMSO-d6:9.46(s, 1H), 7.48(d, 1H), 7.31(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 6.93(d, 1H), 6.26(dd, 1H), 6.06(dd, 1H), 5.14(dd, 1H), 3.43(m, 2H), 3.21(q, 1H), 3.13(m, 2H), 3.00(s, 1H), 2.95-2.74(m, 3H), 2.84(s, 1H), 2.57(m, 1H), 2.41-2.29(m, 3H), 2.16(m, 1H), 2.00(m, 1H), 1.91(m, 3H), 1.80(t, 1H), 1.74(m, 1H), 1.62(t, 2H), 1.37(d, 1H), 1.29(d, 1H), 0.69(m, 1H). 856 391.38 1.74 857 462 2.42 858 402.4 1.98 859 414 2.26 860 406.4 1.99 DMSO(d6): 9.05(m, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.35(d, 1H), 7.29(t, 1H), 7.19(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(m, 1H), 3.42(m, 3H), 3.06(m, 2H), 2.42(m, 2H), 2.34(m, 2H), 2.18(m, 2H), 2.01(m, 1H), 1.86(s, 3H), 1.81(m, 3H), 1.72({m, 3H), 1.63(m, 1H), 1.54(d, 1H), 1.41(m, 2H), 1.32(t, 2H), 1.01(dt, 1H). 861 367.4 1.65 862 411.2 1.81 (DMSO-d6, ppm) 9.03(br s, 1H), 7.59(d, J=8Hz, 1H), 7.45(m, 2H), 3.43(m, 2H), 3.16(q, J=10Hz, 23Hz, 2H), 2.77(s, 2H), 2.39(s, 3H), 2.03(m, 3H), 1.72(m, 6H), 1.53(m, 8H). 863 311.2 1.99 864 400.2 1.84 CD3OD: 7.64(d, 1H), 7.35-7.39((m, 2H), 4.21(q, 2H), 3.64(m, 2H), 3.46(m, 1H), 3.30(m, 2H), 3.17(d, 2H), 2.98(s, 2H), 2.10-2.30(m, 3H), 1.49-1.80(m, 10H), 1.29-1.35(m, 4H) 865 373 2.06 866 455.2 2.19 867 357.2 2 868 390.2 2.1 869 428 2.02 870 528.3 2.56 871 422 1.79 872 428.2 2.14 : 873 449.5 2.69 DMSO(d6):9.02(s, 1H), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.34(t, 1H), 7.30(d, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 4.14(m, 1H), 3.66(m, 2H), 3.43(m, 3H), 3.18(m, 4H), 3.07(t, 1H), 2.18(m, 2H), 2.05(m, 1H), 2.00(s, 3H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.82(m, 4H), 1.74(d, 1H), 1.69-1.50(m, 4H), 1.41(m, 1H), 1.22(m, 1H). 874 412.2 1.52 DMSO(d6):9.04(s, 1H), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.34(t, 1H), 7.30(d, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.96(d, 2H), 3.58(s, 3H), 3.42(m, 2H), 3.16(m, 4H), 2.79(m, 2H), 2.22-2.14(m, 2H), 2.04(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.83(m, 3H), 1.74(d, 1H), 1.68-1.60(m, 5H), 1.51(m, 1H), 1.07(ddd, 2H). 875 428.2 1.69 876 426.3 2.4 877 369 2.15 878 353 2.3 879 445.2 2.2 880 403.4 1.62 DMSO(d6): 9.35(m, 1H), 8.19(d, 1H), 7.42(d, 1H), 7.29(t, 1H), 7.19(t, 1H), 7.15(d, 1H), 4.91(m, 1H), 3.39(m, 1H), 3.32-3.15(m, 4H), 2.28(m, 2H), 2.06(m, 3H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.82(m, 3H), 1.71(m, 5H), 1.62(m, 1H), 1.51(m, 5H). 881 355.4 1.57 DMSO(d6): 8.89(br. s, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.41(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.19(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.42(t, 2H), 3.15(t, 2H), 2.99(t, 2H), 2.36-2.25(m, 2H), 2.04(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.85-1.57(m, 11H), 1.27(q, 2H), 1.18(t, 1H), 1.00(q, 2H). 882 355.4 1.65 883 422.3 1.9 884 373.2 2.29 885 469.2 1.89 886 410.2 1.83 887 483.2 1.9 DMSO(d6):9.04(s, 1H), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.34(t, 1H), 7.30(d, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.44(m, 5H), 3.18(m, 4H), 2.89(m, 1H), 2.72(s, 6H), 2.18(m, 2H), 2.05(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.82(m, 4H), 1.73(d, 1H), 1.66-1.48(m, 5H), 1.42(m, 1H), 1.13(m, 1H). 888 441.3 1.69 DMSO(d6): 8.74(br.s, 1H), 8.39(d, 1H), 7.41(d, 1H), 7.31(t, 1H), 7.21(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.95(q, 1H), 3.41(t, 2H), 3.16(t, 2H), 3.16(t, 2H), 2.29(ddd, 2H), 2.06(dd, 1H), 1.86-1.61(m, 11H), 1.88(ddd, 1H), 1.28(q, 2H), 1.18(tt, 1H), 1.00(q, 2H), 0.78-0.63(m, 4H). 889 381.4 1.83 890 891 444.4 2.47 892 401 2.51 893 448.4 2.11 894 397 1.99 895 439.4 1.76 896 470.4 2 897 448 1.93 898 483.4 1.78 899 481.3 1.78 900 455.2 1.78 CD3OD: 7.74(dd, 1H), 7.68(d, 1H), 7.61(d, 1H), 3.69(m, 2H), 3.48(m, 1H), 3.30(m, 2H), 2.81(s, 2H), 2.46(m, 3H), 2.15(m, 1H), 1.88(m, 2H), 1.49-1.75(m, 7H), 1.30(m, 1H) 901 330 1.75 902 369 2.28 903 457.2 1.75 1H NMR-MeOD: 7.46(d, J=7.3Hz, 1H), 7.30(dd, J=7.2, 15.1Hz, 2H), 7.21(d, J=7.2Hz, 1H), 4.18-4.15(m, 1H), 3.62(m, 2H), 3.50(m, 1H), 3.22-3.18(m, 2H), 2.71(m, 1H), 2.49-2.41(m, 3H), 2.4-2.1(m, 3H), 1.99(m, 1H), 1.80-1.65(m, 3H), 1.58-1.5(m, 4H), 1.22(d, 1H) 904 326.2 1.6 905 422.2 1.81 906 442.6 2.23 907 476.2 2.53 908 468.2 2.51 909 528.3 2.56 910 400.2 1.84 911 476 2.46 DMSO(d6):8.15(d, 1H), 7.41(d, 1H), 7.21(ddd, 1H), 7.12(m, 2H), 4.81(m, 1H), 3.95(d, 2H), 2.61(m, 4H), 2.42(m, 3H), 1.94(m, 3H), 1.86(s, 3H), 1.76(m, 3H), 1.67(t, 1H), 1.61(d, 1H), 1.47(d, 1H), 1.39(s, 9H), 1.30(ddd, 2H). 912 442.4 1.68 913 406.4 2.01 914 489.2 2.03 915 342.2 1.91 916 303.2 1.56 917 495.4 1.93 918 454.4 2.52 919 356.3 1.94 920 483.2 1.99 921 449.2 1.77 922 313.4 1.5 923 372.2 1.56 924 303.2 1.21 925 347 2.11 in DMSO-d6 926 371.4 1.6 927 398.2 1.8 DMSO-d6: 9.93-9.62(m, 1H), 8.30-8.24(m, 1H), 7.53-7.32(m, 1H), 7.22-7.17(m, 1H), 7.04-6.96(m, 1H), 5.35-5.27(m, 1H), 4.39(br s, 3H), 4.32(s, 2H), 4.13-4.03(m, 2H), 3.96(m, 1H), 3.75-3.73(m, 1H), 3.68-3.63(m, 1H), 2.62-2.58(m, 3H), 2.30-2.20(m, 2H), 2.08(s, 1H), 2.00(s, 2H), 1.95-1.88(m, 2H), 1.69-1.63(m, 3H), 1.57(d, J=7.9Hz, 1H), 1.24-1.15(m, 3H) 928 430.5 1.74 929 424.2 2.23 930 452 2.44 CD3OD: 7.30-7.63(m, 5H), 6.61(s, 1H), 6.35(m, 1H), 5.65(s, 1H), 5.43(m, 1H), 3.73(s, 3H), 3.56(m, 2H), 3.47(s, 3H), 3.20(m, 1H), 3.03(m, 2H), 2.33(s, 3H), 1.10-1.95(brm, 21H) 931 505.6 2.3 932 428.2 1.57 933 401 2.27 in DMSO-d6 934 327.4 1.7 935 339.2 2.08 DMSO(d6):9.01(s, 1H), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.34(t, 1H), 7.30(d, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.85(d, 2H), 3.59(s, 3H), 3.42(m, 3H), 3.17(m, 4H), 2.87(m, 1H), 2.18(m, 2H), 2.05(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.83(m, 4H), 1.74(d, 1H), 1.63(m, 3H), 1.55(m, 1H), 1.46(m, 1H), 1.35(q, 1H), 1.16,(q, 1H) 936 428.2 1.74 937 512.5 2.81 938 487.4 2.04 939 457.4 2 940 400.2 2.19 941 439.4 1.55 942 454.2 1.54 943 430 1.71 944 415.2 1.74 DMSO-d6:9.24(s, 1H), 7.48(d, 1H), 7.31(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 6.93(d, 1H), 5.14(dd, 1H), 3.47(m, 2H), 3.31-3.12(m, 5H), 2.88(m, 1H), 2.53(m, 1H), 2.40-2.30(m, 4H), 2.17-2.04(m, 2H), 1.91(m, 3H), 1.84-1.59(m, 7H), 1.57-1.42(m, 5H). 945 381.36 1.71 946 396.5 2.1 947 396.2 1.68 948 478.2 1.77 949 397.2 1.91 950 480.2 2.23 951 458.4 2.07 952 362.4 1 953 420.2 2.09 954 477.4 1.8 955 367.3 2 956 468 1.04 957 444.4 1.53 958 361.2 2.24 959 441.2 1.93 960 424.27 2.04 DMSO(d6):9.12(s, 1H), 7.35(d, 1H), 7.27(t, 1H), 7.24(d, 1H), 7.18(t, 1H), 6.48(d, 1H), 4.82(q, 1H), 4.12(d, 2H), 4.05(q, 2H), 3.43(m, 4H), 3.20(m, 2H), 2.82(s, 6H), 2.38-2.31(m, 2H), 2.20(dd, 1H), 2.13-2.06(m, 2H), 1.95(d, 1H), 1.83-1.78(m, 1H), 1.73-1.65(m, 3H), 1.63-1.53(m, 2H), 1.19(t, 3H). 961 443.2 1.74 DMSO(d6):9.04(s, 1H), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.34(t, 1H), 7.29(d, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.98(d, 2H), 3.77(d, 2H), 3.42(m, 2H), 3.16(m, 4H), 2.79(m, 2H), 2.22-2.14(m, 2H), 2.05(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.82(m, 3H), 1.75-1.52(m, 10H), 1.07(m, 2H), 0.89(d, 6H). 962 470.3 2.08 963 449.2 1.56 964 455.2 1.65 965 495.4 1.51 DMSO(d6):9.04(s, 1H), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.34(t, 1H), 7.30(d, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 4.26(d, 2H), 3.42(m, 2H), 3.16(m, 4H), 2.77(t, 2H), 2.22-2.14(m, 2H), 2.04(m, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.83(m, 3H), 1.72(t, 3H), 1.65-1.59(m, 4H), 1.19(s, 9H), 1.05(q, 2H). 966 454.3 1.82 967 467.4 1.96 968 371.2 2.24 969 448.2 1.65 970 454.2 1.69 971 519 2.15 972 483.2 1.95 973 398.2 2.1 974 433.4 1.88 975 458.4 2.17 976 415 1.43 977 978 500.3 1.7 979 410.19 1.6 MeOD:7.86(m, 1H), 7.55(d, J=2.5Hz, 1H), 7.40(dd, J=2.4, 7.5Hz, 1H), 4.17(q, J=7Hz, 2H), 4.10(br s, 2H), 3.89(br s, 2H), 3.81(br s, 2H), 3.02(s, 2H), 2.94(s, 1H), 2.79(s, 1H), 2.50(m, 1H), 2.37(br s, 1H), 2.32(br d, J=13.0Hz, 5H), 2.14(d, J=9.0Hz, 2H), 1.27(t, J=7Hz, 3H) 980 387.5 1.91 981 485.2 2.31 982 423 2.2 CD3OD: 7.70(d, 1H), 7.67(d, 1H), 7.52(dd, 1H), 3.53(m, 2H), 3.48(m, 1H), 3.28(m, 2H), 2.81(s, 2H), 2.34(m, 2H), 2.12(m, 4H), 1.58-1.95(m, 10H) 983 332 1.8 984 355 2.5 985 365.2 2 986 432.4 2.08 987 465.2 1.86 988 467.4 1.58 989 410.2 1.78 990 467.4 1.73 991 456.4 2.51 992 480.2 2.24 DMSO(d6): 8.80(m, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.40(d, 1H), 7.31(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.93(ddd, 1H), 3.46(m, 2H), 3.14(m, 4H), 2.27(m, 3H), 2.04(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.82(m, 5H), 1.71(d, 1H), 1.68-1.51(m, 5H), 1.24(m, 2H). 993 341.2 1.56 994 468.2 2.28 995 464 1.95 996 400.2 1.84 997 475.2 1.61 DMSO(d6):8.85(s, 1H), 7.36(d, 1H), 7.28(t, 1H), 7.24(d, 1H), 7.18(t, 1H), 6.48(d, 1H), 6.27(dd, 0.8H), 6.16(m, 0.6H), 6.04(dd, 0.8H), 4.82(q, 1H), 3.45(m, 2H), 3.19-3.09(m, 2H), 2.98(br.s, 1H), 2.97-2.90(m, 1H), 2.85(s, 1H) 2.82(s, 6H), 2.79(m, 1H), 2.36(m, 1H), 2.22(dd, 1H), 2.11(m, 1H), 2.02(td, 1H), 1.90(d, 1H), 1.81-1.64(m, 4H), 1.37(dd, 2H), 1.30(d, 1H), 0.68(d, 1H). 998 394.3 1.95 DMSO(d6):9.03(s, 1H), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.34(t, 1H), 7.30(d, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.54(d, 2H), 3.42(m, 2H), 3.16(m, 4H), 2.71(s, 6H), 2.67(m, 2H), 2.22-2.14(m, 2H), 2.04(m, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.82(m, 3H), 1.73(d, 1H), 1.64(m, 5H), 1.48(m, 1H), 1.13(q, 2H). 999 441.3 1.61 1000 398.4 1.68 1001 429.2 1.56 CD3OD:6.86(s, 1H), 6.75(s, 1H), 5.35(t, 1H), 3.83(s, 3H), 3.81(s, 3H), 3.60(m, 2H), 3.45(m, 1H), 3.10(m, 2H), 2.71(m, 2H), 2.45(m, 2H), 2.00(s, 1H), 1.50-2.20(brm, 11H0, 1.25(m, 1H), 1002 399.6 1.78 1003 432.4 1.98 1004 448.2 1.91 in DMSO-d6 1005 368.5 1.9 1006 459.4 1.66 1007 485.3 2.2 1008 430.4 2.2 1009 359 2.09 DMSO(d6):9.01(s, 1H), 7.32(d, 1H), 7.27(t, 1H), 7.24(d, 1H), 7.18(t, 1H), 6.48(d, 1H), 4.82(q, 1H), 3.42(d, 2H), 3.18-3.02(m, 4H), 2.82(s, 6H), 2.30(t, 1H), 2.21(m, 2H), 2.01(m, 2H), 1.92(d, 1H), 1.80(m, 1H), 1.73-1.63(m, 4H), 1.52-1.43(m, 4H), 1.39-1.32(m, 2H), 1.17-1.03(m, 4H). 1010 410.3 2.21 1011 412.3 1.9 1012 420.2 1.66 1013 410.2 1.78 DMSO-d6:9.78(s, 1H), 7.43(d, 1H), 7.29(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 6.93(d, 1H), 5.14(dd, 1H), 4.05(m, 2H), 3.74(m, 1H), 3.45(dd, 2H), 3.21(q, 1H), 3.08(m, 2H), 2.88(ddd, 1H), 2.42-2.29(m, 3H), 2.09(m, 4H), 1.97-1.60(m, 16H), 1.15(t, 3H). 1014 466.37 1.67 1015 422.2 1.78 1016 379.5 2 1017 367.5 1.9 682 422.2 1.78 683 381.2 2.38 684 463.2 2.19 685 492 2.2 686 455.2 1.78 687 356.3 1.6 688 329.5 0.88 H NMR(500MHz, DMSO) 8.97(s, 1H), 7.32-7.15(m, 4H), 6.52(d, J=8.5Hz, 1H), 6.27(dd, J=3.0, 5.5Hz, 1H), 6.05(dd, J=2.6, 5.5Hz, 1H), 5.26(dd, J=8.0, 16.4Hz, 2H), 3.54(d, J=11.6Hz, 2H), 3.25-2.58(m, 13H), 2.40-2.36(m, 1H), 2.04-2.01(m, 1H), 1.85-1.68(m, 4H), 1.40-1.23(m, 2H), 0.72-0.67(m, 1H), 689 379.3 1.9 690 438.2 1.97 691 400.2 1.8 692 374.2 1.02 CD3OD:6.85(s, 1H), 6.77(s, 1H), 5.36(t, 1H), 4.30(m, 2H), 4.13(q, 2H), 3.83(s, 3H), 3.81(s, 3H), 3.45(m, 3H), 3.20(m, 1H), 2.72(dd, 1H), 2.35(m, 1H), 2.10(m, 2H), 2.00(s, 3H), 1.59-190(m, 14H) 693 401.6 1.85 694 443.4 1.9 695 426.2 1.93 696 424.2 2.31 697 495.2 1.91 NMR(500MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.98(br. s, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.40(d, 1H), 7.32(t, 1H), 7.22(t, 1H), 7.19(d, 1H), 6.27(dd, 1H), 6.17-6.15(m, 1H), 6.05(q, 1H), 4.94-4.92(m, 1H), 3.45(m, 2H), 3.20-3.13(m, 2H), 2.98(br.s, 1H), 2.95(m, 1H), 2.86(br.s, 1H), 2.85-2.79(m, 1H), 2.28-2.22(m, 2H), 2.07-1.99(m, 2H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.83-1.78(m, 3H), 1.73(d, 1H), 1.65-1.61(m, 1H), 1.39-1.29(m, 3H), 0.70(dt, 1H). 698 365.32 1.63 : 699 395.5 2.69 1H NMR(500MHz, DMSO(d6)): 8.98(s, 1H), 7.37(d, 1H), 7.22(t, H), 7.10(t, 1H), 7.07(d, 1H), 6.27(q, 0.7H), 6.18-6.14(m, 0.6H), 6.05(q, 0.7H), 3.43(m, 2H), 3.30-3.21(m, 1H), 3.22-3.10(m, 2H), 2.98(s, 1H), 2.95-2.90(m, 1H), 2.85(s, 1H), 2.85-2.80(m, 1H), 2.73(t, 2H), 2.28-2.22(m, 2H), 2.00(ddd, 1H), 1.89-1.87(m, 2H), 1.78-1.67(m, 4H), 1.39-1.29(m, 2H), 0.72-0.67(m, 1H). 700 308.6 2.01 701 400.1 1.81 702 494.4 1.97 DMSO(d6): 9.53(br. s), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.40(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.19(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.40(m, 2H), 3.14(t, 2H), 3.07(m, 2H), 2.27(m, 2H), 2.05(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.81(m, 3H), 1.74-1.59(m, 9H), 1.27-1.12(m, 6H), 0.89(m, 2H). 703 383.44 1.96 704 410.2 2.19 705 416.6 1.3 706 438.4 2.44 707 485.4 2.22 708 386.3 1.2 709 438.4 1.39 710 416.4 1.62 711 438.4 1.95 712 486.2 2.2 713 371.2 2.12 714 447.2 1.6 715 417.4 1.66 716 444.4 1.98 717 496.5 2.57 718 492.4 2.24 719 396.2 1.95 720 404.4 2.26 721 324.2 2.08 722 411.2 2 723 440.4 1.99 724 404.4 1.97 725 390.4 1.03 726 469.3 1.78 727 454.2 2.23 728 448.4 2.13 729 400.2 1.84 730 471.4 2.13 731 372.3 1.2 732 424.4 1.98 733 386.2 1.73 734 324.2 2.05 735 383.2 1.94 736 471.4 2.16 DMSO(d6): 9.06(br. s, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.39(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 6.27(dd, 1H), 6.05(m, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.47(m, 3H), 3.15(m, 2H), 2.98(s, 1H), 2.93(dd, 1H), 2.85(s, 1H), 2.80(ddd, 1H), 2.25(m, 2H), 2.20(m, 2H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.81(m, 3H), 1.71(d, 1H), 1.62(m, 1H), 1.35(t, 1H), 1.30(d, 1H), 0.68(dq, 1H). 737 365.3 1.61 738 394.5 2 739 328.2 1.7 740 406.4 1.65 741 353.3 1.8 742 504 2.28 743 442.4 1.66 744 396 1.71 745 428.6 1.89 746 412.3 2.3 747 428.2 2.11 748 464.4 1.92 (CDCl3, ppm) 11.89(br s, 1H), 7.47(m, 3H), 6.22(s, 2H) 5.98(s, 1H), 3.75(br s, 2H), 3.00(s, 2H), 2.86(s, 1H), 2.58(m, 5H), 2.57(m, 3H), 2.38(s, 3H), 2.06(m, 1H), 1.65(m, 2H), 1.48(m, 1H), 1.27(m, 1H), 0.72(d, J=11Hz, 1H). 749 321.9 1.76 750 480 2.43 751 509.4 2 752 343.2 1.9 753 400.2 1.84 DMSO(d6):9.03(s, 1H), 7.31(d, 1H), 7.27(t, 1H), 7.24(d, 1H), 7.18(t, 1H), 6.47(d, 1H), 4.81(m, 1H), 4.39(m, 1H), 4.34(m, 1H), 4.26(m, 1H), 4.10(q, 2H), 3.45(m, 2H), 3.21-3.08(m, 2H), 2.82(s, 6H), 2.68-2.61(m, 3H), 2.23(m, 1H), 2.03-1.92(m, 5H), 1.79(m, 1H), 1.73-1.62(m, 5H), 1.57(d, 1H), 1.51(t, 1H), 1.19(t, 3H). 754 469.3 1.87 DMSO(d6): 9.17(br.s, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.40(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.93(m, 1H), 3.55(td, 1H), 3.43(d, 2H), 3.19(m, 2H), 2.29(td, 1H), 2.24(td, 1H), 2.06(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.83(m, 6H), 1.63(m, 1H), 1.27(t, 3H), 1.08(d, 1H), 1.04(s, 6H), 0.97(s, 6H). 755 397.4 1.94 756 392.2 1.62 757 353.3 1.5 758 426.2 1.91 759 430.2 2.12 760 400.2 1.83 761 447.4 2 CD3OD: 6.85(s, 1H), 6.78(s, 1H), 5.36(t, 1H), 3.83(s, 3H), 3.81(s, 3H), 3.60(m, 2H), 3.10-3.20(m, 2H), 3.02(d, 2H), 2.72(dd, 1H), 2.25(m1H), 2.03(m, 1H), 2.00(s, 3H), 1.65-1.95(m, 8H), 1.38(m, 2H), 1.26(m, 1H), 1.07(m, 2H) 762 401.5 1.8 763 361.4 2.2 764 484.4 2.17 DMSO(d6): 9.25(m, 1H), 8.19(d, 1H), 7.39(d, 1H), 7.31(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.93(ddd, 1H), 3.49(t, 2H), 3.18(m, 2H), 3.05(t, t, 2H), 2.25(ddd, 2H), 2.06(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.83(m, 3H), 1.75(d, 1H), 1.63(m, 1H), 1.10(m, 1H), 0.68(m, 2H), 0.39(m, 2H). 765 313.2 1.27 766 450 2.04 767 422.2 1.79 768 439.4 1.44 769 400.2 1.88 770 403.5 2.1 771 459.2 1.67 CD3OD:6.86(s, 1H), 6.77(s, 1H), 5.36(t, 1H), 4.30(m, 2H), 4.13(q, 2H), 3.83(s, 3H), 3.81(s, 3H), 3.54(m, 2H),, 3.15(m, 3H), 2.70(m, 1H), 2.30(m, 1H), 2.15(m, 2H), 2.00(s, 3H), 1.70-2.009m, 7H0, 1.25-1.60(m, 5H) 772 387 1.46 773 446.3 2.41 774 528.3 2.6 775 416.2 1.8 776 408.21 1.89 777 424.2 2.29 778 485.4 2.32 779 439.4 1.66 780 468.2 2.1 781 325.2 1.3 782 467.4 1.61 783 444.5 2.37 784 354.3 1.3 785 455 2.02 786 438.4 1.46 500mHz, MeOH- d4; 7.36(d, 1H), 7.30-7.22(m, 3H), 5.20-5.17(m, 1H), 3.01(br s, 2H), 2.52-2.48(m, 1H), 2.39(s, 2H), 2.25-2.0(m, 4H), 1.95-1.49(m, 6H), 1.45-1.29(m, 5H), 0.99-0.97(m, 1H) 787 DMSO(d6): 9.50(br.s, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.39(d, 1H), 7.29(t, 1H), 7.19(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(m, 1H), 4.12(d, 2H), 4.05(q, 2H), 3.40(m, 3H), 3.19(m, 2H), 2.82(m, 2H), 2.25(m, 2H), 2.09(d, 2H), 2.03(td, 1H), 1.86(s, 3H), 1.82(m, 4H), 1.61(m, 3H), 1.19(t, 3H). 788 414.3 1.46 DMSO-d6: 9.95-9.58(m, 1H), 8.30-8.26(m, 1H), 7.53-7.40(m, 1H), 7.21-7.18(m, 1H), 7.03-6.98(m, 1H), 5.36-5.28(m, 1H), 4.08-4.05(m, 4H), 3.78(s, 1H), 3.68-3.65(m, 2H), 2.80(br s, 2H), 2.72(s, 1H), 2.69-2.63(m, 1H), 2.58(s, 2H), 2.20-2.07(m, 1H), 2.03(s, 2H), 1.97-1.90(m, 3H), 1.82-1.77(m, 1H), 1.51-1.47(m, 2H), 1.21-1.18(m, 3H) 789 404.5 1.65 790 416.4 1.57 791 419.4 1.75 792 448.2 1.65 793 300.2 1.46 794 446.3 2.13 795 485.4 1.78 796 447.2 2.4 CD3OD: 6.86(s, 1H), 6.79(s, 1H), 5.37(m, 1H), 3.84(s, 3H), 3.82(m, 3H), 3.40(m, 2H), 3.55(m, 3H), 3.00-3.20(m, 2H), 2.70(m, 1H), 2.48(m, 2H), 1.77-2.10(m, 19H including 3H singlet at 2.00) 797 439.6 1.9 798 332.2 0.75 799 314.2 1.64 800 410.2 1.81 801 456.5 2.17 802 454.2 2.03 803 467.4 1.76 804 441.4 1.76 805 428.4 2.4 806 442.4 2.24 807 486.8 2.23 808 349.2 2.03 809 447.4 1.99 810 451.8 2.24 811 416.4 1.82 812 443.2 1.93 813 413.2 1.48 814 410.4 1.91 815 410.2 2.2 816 444.4 2.08 CD3OD: 6.86(s, 1H), 6.78(s, 1H), 5.36(m, 1H), 3.83(s, 3H), 3.82(m, 3H), 3.55(m, 3H), 3.15-3.25(m, 2H), 2.25(m, 1H), 2.35(m, 1H), 2.00(s, 3H), 1.80-1.90(m, 5H), 1.36(m, 2H), 1.12(s, 6H), 1.04(s, 6H) 817 442.3 2.1 818 440.4 2.17 DMSO(d6): 9.40(br. s), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.38(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.41(m, 2H), 3.13(m, 4H), 2.24(m, 2H), 2.05(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.84-1.76(m, 3H), 1.74-1.65(m, 5H), 1.64-1.56(m, 4H), 1.33-1.12(m, 4H), 0.96(m, 2H). 819 369.43 1.82 DMSO-d6: 7.69(d, 1H), 7.52(d, 2H), 7.43(d, 2H), 7.25(d, 2H), 7.01(d, 2H), 6.26(m, 1H), 6.06(d, 1H), 4.95(m, 1H), 4.49(m, 1H), 3.77(s, 3H), 3.55(m, 2H), 2.42(m, 1H), 2.79-3.15(m, 7H), 1.94-2.11(m, 3H), 1.71(d, 3H), 0.68-0.70(m, 2H) 820 477 1.58 821 444.4 1.5 822 434 2.14 823 484.2 1.76 824 410.2 2.21 825 413 1.68 DMSO(d6): 9.25(br. s), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.37(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.93(d, 2H), 3.42(m, 3H), 3.15(m, 4H), 2.71(m, 1H), 2.20(m, 2H), 2.04(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.82(m, 3H), 1.72(d, 1H), 1.63(m, 5H), 1.49(m, 1H), 1.39(s, 9H), 1.04(ddd, 1H). 826 470.4 1.82 DMSO(d6): 8.92(br.s, 1H), 8.39(d, 1H), 7.39(d, 1H), 7.32(t, 1H), 7.21(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 6.27(dd, 1H), 6.05(m, 1H), 4.95(q, 1H), 3.45(m, 3H), 3.28-3.10(m, 3H), 2.98(s, 1H), 2.94(ddd, 1H), 2.85(s, 1H), 2.81(ddd, 1H), 2.25(m, 2H), 2.03(ddd, 2H), 1.82(m, 3H), 1.71(d, 1H), 1.65(m, 1H), 1.58(m, 1H), 1.38(dd, 1H), 1.29(d, 1H), 0.78-0.63(m, 4H). 827 391.38 1.83 828 303.2 1.93 829 424.2 1.99 830 422.2 1.79 831 490.2 1.79 DMSO(d6): 9.14(br. s), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.36(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.4(m, 2H), 3.18-3.01(m, 4H), 2.21(m, 3H), 2.04(dd, 1H), 2.00(s, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.82(m, 3H), 1.72(d, 1H), 1.64(m, 2H), 1.47(m, 4H), 1.35(m, 2H), 1.17-1.02(m, 4H). 832 381.4 1.89 833 357.2 2.1 834 480.2 2.2 835 459.4 2.08 836 439.2 1.95 837 355.23 1.59 838 418.4 1.9 839 495.4 2.01 840 424.2 1.95 841 445.6 1.88 H NMR(500MHz, DMSO(d6)): 9.14(s, H), 7.36(d, 1H), 7.22(t, 1H), 7.09(t, 1H), 7.07(d, 1H), 4.10(d, 2H), 4.05(q, 2H), 3.48-3.39(m, 4H), 3.19(q, 2H), 2.83(m, 2H), 2.71(t, 2H), 2.27(td, 2H), 2.09(d, 2H), 1.87(m, 2H), 1.77(d, 2H), 1.72-1.68(m, 2H), 1.58(qd, 2H), 1.22(t, 3H). 842 357.4 1.87 843 471.4 1.83 844 468.3 1.61 845 453.4 1.4 846 459.4 2.01 847 434 2.14 848 391.2 2.16 849 473.4 2.28 CD3OD: 6.86(s, 1H), 6.77(s, 1H), 5.35(m, 1H), 3.83(s, 3H), 3.82(m, 3H), 3.15-3.25(m, 3H), 2.25(m, 1H), 2.35(m, 1H), 2.00(s, 3H), 1.40-1.90(m, 26H) 850 471.6 2.3 851 383.4 2.28 852 404.4 1.86 DMSO(d6): 9.09(m, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.38(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(ddd, 1H), 3.86(t, 1H), 3.78(ddd, 1H), 3.67(q, 1H), 3.43(m, 3H), 3.19(m, 4H), 3.66(m, 1H), 2.25(m, 2H), 2.12(m, 1H), 2.05(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.82(m, 3H), 1.73(d, 1H), 1.63(m, 2H). 853 343.1 0.97 854 454.2 2.13 855 440.4 2.08 DMSO(d6): 8.85(br.s, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.41(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.19(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(m, 1H), 3.42(m, 2H), 3.14(m, 2H), 3.00(t, 2H), 2.29(m, 2H), 2.05(m, 1H), 1.86(s, 3H), 1.85-1.58(m, 11H), 1.26(m, 2H), 1.17(m, 1H), 0.99(m, 2H). 856 355.3 1.71 857 454.2 2.24 858 442.4 1.69 859 439.4 1.73 CD3OD: 7.73(dd, 1H), 7.67(d, 1H), 7.63(d, 1H), 3.50(,.2H), 3.26(m, 2H), 2.83(s, 2H), 2.37(m, 2H), 2.13(m, 2H), 1.60-1.90(m, 12H) 860 332 1.84 861 414.4 1.96 862 432.4 1.86 863 314.2 1.59 864 412.2 2.01 865 471.4 2 866 454.2 1.98 DMSO(d6):8.76(s, 1H), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.39(t, 1H), 7.31(d, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.88(dd, 2H), 3.44(m, 2H), 3.34(t, 2H), 3.17(m, 2H), 3.06(t, 2H), 2.31-2.14(m, 2H), 2.11-2.02(m, 2H), 1.86(s, 3H), 1.81(m, 3H), 1.71(d, 1H), 1.64(m, 3H), 1.27(ddd, 2H). 867 357.2 1.48 868 384.2 1.91 869 450.4 2.08 870 456.2 1.72 871 438.2 2.12 872 411.2 2.38 873 324.3 2.07 874 454.2 1.69 DMSO(d6):8.29(s, 1H), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.45(d, 1H), 7.31(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.93(m, 1H), 3.38(m, 2H), 3.20-3.09(m, 3H), 2.34(qd, 2H), 2.25-2.13(m, 2H), 2.08-2.03(m, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.83(m, 4H), 1.74-1.60(m, 4H), 1.55(d, 2H), 1.33-1.22(m, 4H), 0.82(s, 6H), 0.79(t, 3H). 875 411.3 2.34 876 469.2 2.32 877 386.2 1.72 DMSO(d6): 9.06(br.s, 1H), 7.47(d, 1H), 7.45(d, 1H), 7.32(t, 1H), 7.24(t, 1H), 6.26(dd, 1H), 6.04(dd, 1H), 4.45(q, 1H), 3.38(m, 2H), 3.15(m, 2H), 3.05(s, 3H), 2.98(s, 1H), 2.93(ddd, 1H), 2.85(s, 1H), 2.80(ddd, 1H), 2.23(m, 2H), 2.07(m, 1H), 2.01(ddd, 1H), 1.94(m, 1H), 1.86(dd, 1H), 1.78(m, 2H), 1.69(d, 1H), 1.38(d, 1H), 1.35(d, 1H), 1.29(d, 1H), 0.68(dq, 1H). 878 401.35 1.79 879 433.4 1.78 880 505.4 2.03 881 487 2.31 882 442.3 1.52 883 404.4 1.9 884 485.4 1.94 885 404.4 1.88 886 398.3 2.2 DMSO(d6): 9.16(br. s, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.36(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.19(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.91(q, 1H), 3.31(m, 2H), 3.20(t, 2H), 3.13(t, 2H), 2.74(m, 1H), 2.25-2.09(m, 4H), 2.04(dd, 1H), 1.91(m, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.82(m, 6H), 1.71(d, 1H), 1.62(m, 1H). 887 327.3 1.42 888 410.2 1.86 889 383.4 2.28 890 393.5 2.1 CD3CN: 7.50-7.35(m, 1H), 7.12-7.05(m, 1H), 7.02-6.99(m, 1H), 6.86-6.77(m, 1H), 5.42-5.35(m, 1H), 3.88-3.84(m, 2H), 3.36-3.13(m, 4H), 2.72(dd, J=7.5, 12.7Hz, 1H), 2.63-2.54(m, 1H), 2.32(s, 1H), 2.29(s, 1H), 2.23-2.18(m, 4H), 2.12-1.93(m, 1H), 1.89-1.79(m, 1H), 1.57-1.34(m, 5H), 1.27-1.21(m, 2H), 0.87-0.75(m, 1H) 891 357.1 1.71 892 383.4 2.24 1H NMR(500MHz, DMSO(d6)): 8.50(br. s, 1H), 7.41(d, 1H), 7.22(t, 1H), 7.13(t, 1H), 7.06(d, 1H), 3.50(m, 2H), 3.38(m, 1H), 3.30(m, 1H), 3.22-3.10(m, 2H), 2.72(t, 2H), 2.37-2.25(m, 4H), 2.01(t, 1H), 1.90-1.87(m, 2H), 1.75-1.59(m, 8H), 1.52-1.37(m, 2H), 1.30-1.15(m, 2H). 893 296.3 1.9 CD3OD: 7.38-7.63(m, 5H), 6.66(s, 1H), 6.45(m, 1H), 5.70(s, 1H), 5.40(m, 1H), 3.73(s, 3H), 3.54(m, 2H), 3.47(s, 3H), 2.33(s, 3H), 2.16(m, 4H), 1.96(m, 4H), 1.20-1.75(m, 13H) 894 491.6 2.2 895 347.4 1.91 896 471.4 2.17 DMSO(d6):8.35(s, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.45(d, 1H), 7.31(t, 1H), 7.21(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.93(m, 1H), 3.55(m, 2H), 3.37(m, 1H), 3.20-3.09(m, 2H), 2.34(qd, 2H), 2.24-2.13(m, 2H), 2.06(m, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.90-1.81(m, 3H), 1.74-1.58(m, 5H), 1.30(q, 2H), 1.15(m, 2H), 0.88(s, 9H). 897 397.2 2.2 DMSO-d6:9.12(s, 1H), 7.49(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 6.93(d, 1H), 5.14(dd, 1H), 3.39(dd, 2H), 3.24-3.07(m, 3H), 2.98(t, 2H), 2.88(ddd, 1H), 2.59(td, 1H), 2.41-2.29(m, 3H), 2.19(td, 1H), 1.95-1.59(m, 13H), 1.27(m, 2H), 1.17(tt, 1H), 0.99(m, 2H). 898 381.4 1.78 899 492.4 2.22 900 471.4 1.85 H NMR(500MHz, DMSO) 8.60(br s, 1H, from TFA), 8.44(d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 7.32(dt, J=25.2, 8.1Hz, 2H), 7.21(dd, J=7.3, 18.5Hz, 2H), 5.39(q, 1H), 4.07-2.97(m, 4H, partially obscured by solvent), 2.70-2.60(m, 2H), 2.45-2.31(m, 2H), 2.07-1.91(m, 2H), 1.72-1.55(m, 8H), 1.46-1.41(m, 3H), 1.25-1.17(m, 1H), 0.77-0.66(m, 4H) 901 365.3 1.9 902 459.4 2.06 NMR(500MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.98(br. s, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.40(d, 1H), 7.32(t, 1H), 7.22(t, 1H), 7.19(d, 1H), 6.27(dd, 1H), 6.17-6.15(m, 1H), 6.05(q, 1H), 4.94-4.92(m, 1H), 3.45(m, 2H), 3.20-3.13(m, 2H), 2.98(br.s, 1H), 2.95(m, 1H), 2.86(br.s, 1H), 2.85-2.79(m, 1H), 2.28-2.22(m, 2H), 2.07-1.99(m, 2H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.83-1.78(m, 3H), 1.73(d, 1H), 1.65-1.61(m, 1H), 1.39-1.29(m, 3H), 0.70(dt, 1H). 903 365.32 1.63 904 530 2.65 905 371.1 2.75 DMSO(d6): 9.28(br.s, 1H), 8.19(d, 1H), 7.39(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.19(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(m, 1H), 3.42(m, 2H), 3.25-3.08(m, 4H), 2.34-2.14(m, 5H), 2.05(t, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.81(m, 4H), 1.70(d, 1H), 1.63(m, 1H), 1.49(m, 2H), 1.37(m, 2H), 1.30(d, 1H), 1.14(m, 2H) 0.81(m, 1H). 906 367.4 1.71 907 424.2 1.98 1H NMR(500MHz, DMSO(d6)): 8.82(s, 1H), 7.33(d, 1H), 7.22(t, 1H), 7.14(t, 1H), 7.06(d, 1H), 3.43-3.35(m, 3H), 3.14-3.03(m, 2H), 2.72(t, 2H), 2.45-2.39(m, 2H), 2.32(m, 2H), 2.18(td, 2H), 1.87-1.84(m, 2H), 1.76-1.67(m, 4H), 1.60(t, 2H), 1.56-1.46(m, 1H), 1.42(d, 2H), 1.30(t, 2H), 1.02(dt, 1H). 908 310.3 2.05 909 450 1.93 910 467.4 1.87 911 439.2 1.74 912 480.2 2.4 913 447.4 1.57 DMSO(d6): 9.16(br.s, 1H), 8.39(d, 1H), 7.43(d, 1H), 7.31(t, 1H), 7.21(t, 1H), 7.15(d, 1H), 4.95(q, 1H), 3.27(m, 3H), 2.31(m, 2H), 2.07(m, 3H), 1.85-1.26(m, 18H), 0.78-0.63(m, 4H). 914 381.44 1.79 915 466.43 1.72 916 431.4 1.78 917 355.4 1.57 918 382.4 2.11 DMSO(d6): 8.93(br.s, 1H), 7.46(d, 1H), 7.44(d, 1H), 7.35(d, 1H), 7.32(t, 1H), 7.21(t, 1H), 4.45(q, 1H), 3.11(m, 2H), 3.04(s, 3H), 2.35(m, 2H), 2.15(m, 2H), 2.05(dd, 1H), 1.97(m, 2H), 1.86-1.62(m, 6H), 1.56-1.26(m, 7H), 1.15(t, 1H). 919 403.34 1.79 920 440.3 1.57 921 355 2.51 922 356.3 1.3 923 410.2 1.82 DMSO(d6):8.68(s, 1H), 7.38(d, 1H), 7.27(t, 1H), 7.24(d, 1H), 7.18(t, 1H), 6.48(d, 1H), 4.82(q, 1H), 3.42(d, 2H), 3.15(m, 2H), 3.00(t, 2H), 2.82(s, 6H), 2.41(td, 1H), 2.22(dd, 1H), 2.15(td, 1H), 1.89(d, 1H), 1.82-1.63(m, 10H), 1.28(q, 2H), 1.17(m, 1H), 0.99(q, 2H). 924 384.3 2 925 433.2 1.6 926 471.4 2.17 927 418.2 2.07 928 463.2 0.96 929 482.4 2.24 930 398.2 1.64 931 372.2 1.56 932 416.4 1.62 933 299.1 1.8 934 414.4 1.99 935 456.4 1.81 936 361.2 1.32 937 480.2 2.08 938 396.5 2.1 939 455.4 2.09 940 502.2 2.27 941 384.3 2.1 DMSO-d6: 10.16-9.77(m, 1H), 8.28(m, 1H), 7.54-7.42(m, 1H), 7.19(m, 1H), 7.03-6.97(m, 1H), 5.37-5.28(m, 1H), 3.79-3.74(m, 1H), 3.69-3.47(m, 1H), 3.30-3.16(m, 1H), 2.74-2.62(m, 1H), 2.58(s, 3H), 2.19-2.04(m, 3H), 1.89(m, 3H), 1.82-1.77(m, 3H), 1.63(m, 1H), 1.40-1.35(m, 2H), 1.28-1.23(m, 2H), 1.10(td, J=12.7, 9.5Hz, 1H) 942 331.4 1.71 DMSO-d6: 9.65-9.45(m, 1H), 8.27(d, J=7.5Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.45(m, 1H), 7.50(s, 1H), 7.22-7.15(m, 1H), 7.04-6.99(m, 1H), 6.25(dd, J=3.1, 6.9Hz, 1H), 6.06-6.04(m, 1H), 5.34-5.28(m, 1H), 3.86(d, J=4.1Hz, 1H), 3.77-3.69(m, 2H), 3.31-3.21(m, 2H), 3.03-3.01(m, 1H), 2.98-2.94(m, 2H), 2.90(s, 1H), 2.58(s, 2H), 2.36(t, J=1.8Hz, 1H), 2.18-2.12(m, 1H), 2.02-1.94(m, 1H), 1.83(s, 3H), 1.38-1.28(m, 2H) 943 355.4 1.87 944 945 471.4 2.06 946 433.2 1.87 DMSO(d6): 8.64(m, 1H), 8.18(t, 1H), 7.43(d, 1H), 7.31(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.92(m, 1H), 3.49(m, 1H), 3.41(t, 1H), 3.33(t, 1H), 3.17(m, 2H), 2.61(s, 1H), 2.31(m, 3H), 2.02(m, 2H), 1.86(s, 3H), 1.85-1.60(m, 8H), 1.40(m, 3H), 1.20(dd, 1H). 947 353.3 1.54 948 388.2 0.95 949 447.4 1.89 950 374.2 0.92 951 442.2 2.36 952 429.4 1.71 CD3OD: 7.63(d, 1H), 7.39(d, 1H), 7.35(d, 1H), 4.21(q, 2H), 3.63(m, 2H), 3.30(m, 2H), 3.17(d, 2H), 2.98(s, 2H), 2.24(m, 2H), 1.75-1.90(m, 8H), 1.29-1.39(m, 5H), 1.09(m, 2H) 953 375 2.18 954 342.2 1.7 955 461.4 2.01 1H-NMR(300MHz, DMSO-d6):? 6.87(d, J=8.7Hz, 1H), 6.69(t, J=7.5Hz, 1H), 6.40(dd, J=8.7Hz, J=4.5Hz, 1H), 4.42(m, 2H), 3.28(s, 2H), 2.78(d, J=11.1Hz, 1H), 2.58(d, J=11.7Hz, 1H), 3.38(m, 1H), 1.85-2.05(m, 4H), 1.70-1.85(m, 3H), 1.40-1.60(m, 4H), 1.09(dd, J=11.7Hz, J=4.8Hz, 1H). 956 302.2 1.33 957 447.4 2.01 958 431.2 2.41 959 423.4 1.6 DMSO(d6):9.00(s, 1H), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.34(t, 1H), 7.30(d, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.85(dd, 2H), 3.4(m, 2H), 3.29(t, 2H), 3.15(m, 4H), 2.22-2.14(m, 2H), 2.04(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.81(m, 3H), 1.73(d, 1H), 1.65-1.55(m, 6H), 1.21(ddd, 2H). 960 371.2 1.52 961 382.4 1.4 962 455.2 2.15 963 477.4 2.15 964 371.2 2.1 965 448.3 2.18 CD3OD: 7.71(d, 1H), 7.62(d, 1H), 7.52(dd, 1H), 3.68(m, 2H), 3.48(m, 1H), 3.30(m, 2H), 2.80(s, 2H), 2.40(m, 2H), 2.15(m, 1H), 1.88(m, 2H), 1.56-1.91(m, 4H), 1.30(m, 1H) 966 318 1.71 DMSO(d6): 9.20(m, 1H), 8.19(d, 1H), 7.41(d, 1H), 7.29(t, 1H), 7.19(t, 1H), 7.16(d, 1H), 4.92(m, 1H), 3.38(m, 2H), 3.20(m, 2H), 2.26(m, 2H), 2.10(m, 1H), 2.03(dd, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.85-1.68(m, 6H), 1.63(m, 3H), 1.44(q, 2H), 1.29(q, 2H), 1.12(m, 2H) 967 341.2 1.46 968 468.4 2.48 969 466 1.67 970 464.2 1.66 971 438.2 1.44 972 443.4 2.03 973 436.2 1.91 DMSO(d6): 9.07(br.s, 1H), 7.46(d, 1H), 7.44(d, 1H), 7.41(d, 1H), 7.32(t, 1H), 7.23(t, 1H), 4.45(q, 1H), 3.04(s, 3H), 2.26(m, 2H), 2.06(m, 3H), 1.93(m, 3H), 1.87-1.67(m, 8H), 1.59-1.38(m, 8H), 1.30(m, 1H). 974 391.36 1.76 975 412 1.88 976 440.3 2.5 977 422.5 2.3 978 497.4 1.92 979 463.2 1.04 980 428 1.63 981 448.3 2.18 982 456.3 1.95 H NMR(500MHz, MeOD) 7.72-7.64(m, 3H), 7.45-7.41(dt, 1H), 3.05(t, 2H), 2.62(s, 2H), 2.42-2.38(m, 2H), 2.27-2.15(m, 3H), 2.12-2.0(m, 2H), 1.85-1.77(m, 2H), 1.60-1.32(m, 7H), 1.00-0.97(m, 1H), 983 296.2 1.46 984 443.2 1.69 985 398.2 2.19 986 467 2.05 987 426.3 2.4 988 355.4 2.38 1H NMR(500MHz, DMSO(d6)): 9.01(s, H), 7.38(d, 1H), 7.21(t, 1H), 7.14(t, 1H), 7.05(d, 1H), 3.40(m, 1H), 3.27-3.17(m, 4H), 2.72(t, 2H), 2.26(td, 2H), 2.12-2.05(m, 2H), 1.88-1.86(m, 2H), 1.76-1.67(m, 8H), 1.57-1.46(m, 6H). 989 298.3 2.05 990 DMSO(d6): 9.12(br.s, 1H), 8.18(d, 1H), 7.39(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 6.27(m, 1H), 6.04(m, 1H), 4.92(m, 1H), 3.44(m, 2H), 3.14(m, 2H), 2.98(s, 1H), 2.94(m, 1H), 2.84(s, 1H), 2.80(m, 1H), 2.26(m, 2H), 2.03(m, 2H), 1.86(s, 3H), 1.81(m, 3H), 1.70(d, 1H), 1.62(m, 1H), 1.37(t, 1H), 1.29(d, 1H), 0.68(m, 1H). 991 365.3 1.67 DMSO(d6):9.04(s, 1H), 8.17(d, 1H), 7.34(t, 1H), 7.30(d, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.92(q, 1H), 3.79(m, 1H), 3.42(m, 3H), 3.16(m, 7H), 2.89(m, 1H), 2.22-2.14(m, 2H), 2.05(m, 1H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.83(m, 5H), 1.74(d, 1H), 1.63(m, 3H), 1.46(m, 1H), 1.35(m, 1H), 1.17(q, 1H), 0.90(d, 6H). 992 470.3 2.13 993 426.2 1.93 994 424.2 1.8 DMSO(d6): 9.05(br.s, 1H), 8.39(d, 1H), 7.38(d, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H), 7.21(t, 1H), 7.15(d, 1H), 4.95(q, 1H), 3.11(m, 2H), 2.35(m, 2H), 2.25-2.12(m, 3H), 2.07-1.96(m, 2H), 1.82(m, 3H), 1.72(m, 2H), 1.65(m, 2H), 1.60-1.25(m, 9H), 1.16(t, 1H), 0.78-0.63(m, 4H). 995 393.4 1.83 996 455.3 1.74 997 444.6 1.99 998 436.4 1.89 999 457.2 2 1000 461.4 2.01 1001 443.2 2.08 1002 458.6 2.31 1003 440.4 2.13 1004 372.2 1.53 1005 442.5 2.23 1006 396.62 1.7 1007 444.6 2.19 1008 440.5 2.41 1009 324.2 2.04 1010 369.2 2.15 1011 469.4 1.5 1012 457.2 1.96 1013 467.4 2.21 1014 436.3 2.4 DMSO(d6): 9.38(m, 1H), 8.19(d, 1H), 7.37(d, 1H), 7.31(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.92(m, 1H), 3.53(m, 2H), 3.22(m, 2H), 3.04(m, 2H), 2.42(m, 2H), 2.21(qd, 2H), 2.10(dd, 1H), 1.91(t, 2H), 1.87(s, 3H), 1.84(m, 3H), 1.74(d, 1H), 1.64(s, 3H). 1.63(m, 1H), 1.54(m, 2H), 1.41(m, 2H), 1.01(s, 6H). 1015 409.4 2.09 CDCl3(ppm): 7.93(1H, br s), 7.43(1H, m), 7.36(1H, m), 4.35(2H, br s), 4.12(2H, m), 3.98(1H, br s), 3.21(1H, br s), 3.08(2H, br s), 2.76(4H, m), 2.05(3H, m), 1.62(1H, br s), 1.28(6H, m). 1016 360.9 1.68 DMSO-d6:9.16(s, 1H), 7.55(d, 1H), 7.31(t, 1H), 7.20(t, 1H), 6.93(d, 1H), 5.15(dd, 1H), 3.47(m, 1H), 3.34(t, 2H), 3.24-3.11(m, 3H), 2.88(q, 1H), 2.60(t, 2H), 2.41-2.26(m, 5H), 2.08-1.33(m, 13H), 1.28-1.14(m, 2H). 1017 379.35 1.63 1018 392.2 1.62 1019 415 1.43 1020 400 1.7 1021 430 1.71 1022 467.4 1.87 1023 467.4 1.96 1024 455.2 2.15 1025 455.2 2.19 1026 455 2.02 1027 467.4 1.76 1028 467 2.05 1029 467.4 1.73 1030 485.4 2.12 1031 439.4 1.76 1032 439.4 1.75 1033 439.4 1.66 1034 444.4 1.53 1035 439.2 1.74 1036 439.4 1.73 1037 444.4 1.5 1038 444.4 1.5 1039 438.2 1.44 1040 438.4 1.46 1041 443.2 1.93

Example 62 Assays

Functional Mobilization of Intracellular Calcium to Determine Muscarinic Receptor Activity:

CHO cells expressing muscarinic receptors (M₁ to M₅) are grown as monolayers in tissue culture flasks at 37° C. in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO₂ and passaged every 3-5 days. The growth media is Dulbecco's modified eagles medium (DMEM, Gibco Cat# 12430-054), containing 25 mM Hepes and supplemented with Fetal Bovine Serum (Hyclone, cat# SH30071.03), 0.1 mM of MEM non-essential amino acids (GIBCO, Cat# 11140-050), 1 mM MEM Sodium Pyruvate (GIBCO Cat# 11360-070) and 100 units/ml of Penicillin G and 100 μg/ml of Streptomycin (GIBCO Cat# 15140-122). The recombinant muscarinic receptor cell lines are grown under antibiotic pressure with media containing 25 μg/ml zeocin and 500 μg/ml G418 (M1-CHO), 4 μg/ml puromycin, 50 μg/ml zeocin and 2.5 μg/ml blasticidin (M2 and M4-CHO) or 50 μg/ml zeocin and 4 μg/ml puromycin (M3 and M5-CHO).

Cells are harvested at 80-90% confluence using Versene (GIBCO Cat# 15040-066), collected by centrifugation and seeded 18-24 hrs prior to running the calcium assay at a density of 5,000 cells/well in back-walled, clear-bottomed 384-well plates (BD Biocoat, poly-D-lysine, Cat#356663). The day of the experiment, the cells are washed with a plate washer (Bioteck Instruments, ELX 405) using bath 1 buffer (140-mM NaCl, 4.5-mM KCl, 2-mM CaCl₂, 1-mM MgCl₂, 10-mM Hepes-Na, 10-mM Glucose, pH 7.4, with NaOH) containing 1 mM Probenecid. Next, the calcium dye Fluo-3 (25 μl/well of Fluo-3 AM at 4 μM, Molecular Probes F-1241, in Bath 1 buffer containing 1 mM Probenecid) is added to the 25 μl of Bath 1 remaining in each well after the plate wash and the dye is loaded at 37° C. in the tissue culture incubator for 60-90 min. The fluorescent dye is removed using the plate washer with Bath 1 containing 1 mM Probenecid, leaving 25 μl/well of this solution after the wash. Alternatively, cells can be loaded with the calcium indicator from Molecular Devices (Calcium 3 Assay Reagents, Cat # R7181) adding 5 μl of a 5× solution dye in Bath 1 containing 1 mM Probenecid (10 ml per dye flask cat# R7182 to generate a solution 20×) to 20 μl of the same buffer. After loading for 60 min, the experiment can be run without having to remove the dye.

Compounds are prepared at a 2× fold concentration in a 96-well plate (round bottom, Costar Corning cat# 3656), by reconstituting the pre-spotted compounds in bath 1 containing 1 mM probenecid. The final concentration DMSO is 0.5%, and the amount of DMSO is normalized across the assay plate. To determine an agonist action of the compounds on muscarinic receptors, the reconstituted compounds are added (25 μl compound/well) to the cell assay plate (containing 25 μl/well) using the multi-channel robotic system of the FLIPR 3 Instrument (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, Calif.). To determine a functional inhibitory action of the compounds on muscarinic receptors, the reconstituted compounds are added (25 μl compound/well) to the assay plate and pre-incubated for 15 min prior to adding 25 μl of Carbachol at 3× the EC80 for each muscarinic subtype. Alternatively, the compounds can be co-applied simultaneously with the agonist. In both assay modes, the fluorescence is recorded for 60 sec (excitation wavelength is 488 nM and emission wavelength 540 nm) using the FLIPR 3 instrument.

The potency, efficacy and selectivity of the muscarinic compounds were evaluated by screening the compound activity across the whole family (M₁ to M₅ cells). Compounds were also screened for activity on other proteins such as other GPCRs and ion channels to determine selectivity on M4 receptors.

The compounds of the present invention were found to modulate the M₁ and/or M₄ muscarinic receptors selectively over the other receptor types.

Examples of activities and efficacies of the muscarinic compounds of formulae (I and II) on modulating M₁ and M₄ receptors are shown below in Table 2. The compound activity for the M₁ and M₄ receptor is illustrated with “xxx” if activity was measured to be less than 0.1 μM, “xx” if activity was measured to be between 0.1 μM and 1.0 μM, and “x” if activity was measured to be greater than 1.0 μM. The efficacy for M₁ and M₄ modulation is illustrated with “xxx” if efficacy was calculated to be greater than 85%, “xx” if efficacy was calculated to be between 85% and 65%, and “x” if efficacy was calculated to be less than 65%.

Table 2. Compound activities and efficacies for modulating M₁ and M₄ receptors TABLE 3 Compound activities and efficacies for modulating M₁ and M₄ receptors. Cmd M₁ M₄ M₁ M₄ No. Activity Activity Efficacy Efficacy 1 xx xx xx xxx 2 x x x x 3 xxx xx xx xx 4 xxx x x x 5 xxx xxx xx xxx 6 xxx xx xx xx 7 xxx xx xx xxx 8 xx xx x xx 9 xxx x xx xx 10 xx xx xx xx 11 x x x x 12 xxx xx x x 13 xx x xx x 14 xxx xxx xx xxx 15 xxx xx xx xxx 16 xxx xxx xx xx 17 xx xx x xx 18 xxx xx x xxx 19 xxx xx xx xx 20 x xx x x 21 xx x x x 22 xxx x xx x 23 xx x x x 24 xx x x x 25 xxx xxx xx xxx 26 xxx xx xx x 27 xxx xxx xx xx 28 xxx xx xxx xx 29 xxx xxx xxx xxx 30 xxx xxx xxx xxx 31 xxx xxx xxx xx 32 xxx xxx xxx xx 33 xxx xxx xxx xxx 34 xxx xx xx xxx 35 xxx xx xxx xxx 36 xxx xx xx xxx 37 xxx xx xx xxx 38 xxx xxx xxx xxx 39 xxx xx xx xxx 40 xxx xx xx xxx 41 xxx xxx xxx xxx 42 xxx xx xxx xxx 43 xxx x xxx xxx 44 xxx xx xx xxx 45 xxx xxx xxx xx 46 xxx xxx xxx xx 47 xxx xx xx xx 48 xxx xx xxx xx 49 xxx xxx xxx xx 50 xxx xx xxx xxx 51 xxx xx xx xx 52 xxx xxx xxx xx 53 xx xx x xx 54 xxx xx xxx xx 55 xxx xxx xxx xx 56 xxx xxx xx xx 57 xxx xxx xx xx 58 xxx xx xx xx 59 xxx xx x xx 60 xx x xx xx 61 xxx xx xx xx 62 xxx xx x xx 63 xxx x x x 64 xxx xx x x 65 xx x xx x 66 xxx xxx xxx xxx 67 xxx xx x x 68 xx x x x 69 xx xx x x 70 xx x xx xx 71 xxx xx x x 72 xxx xx xx xx 73 xxx xx xx xx 74 xxx xx xx xx 75 xxx xx x xx 76 xxx xx xx xx 77 xxx xx xx x 78 xxx xx xx x 79 xx x x x 80 xx xx x x 81 xx x x x 82 xxx xx xx xx 83 xxx x x x 84 xxx xx xx xx 85 xxx xx xx xx 86 xxx x xx x 87 xxx x xx x 88 xxx xx xx x 89 xxx xx xx x 90 xx x xx x 91 xxx xx xx x 92 xxx xx xx x 93 xx xx x x 94 xxx xx x x 95 xxx xx xx x 96 xx x xx x 97 xxx x xx x 98 xxx xx xx x 99 xxx x x x 100 xxx xx xx xx 101 xxx xx xx xx 102 xxx xx xx xx 103 xxx xx xx x 104 xxx x xx x 105 xx x x x 106 xxx xx xx x 107 xxx x xx x 108 xxx xx xx x 109 xxx xx xx x 110 xxx xx x x 111 xxx xx xx x 112 xxx xx xx x 113 xxx x xx x 114 xx x xx x 115 xxx xx xx x 116 xxx xx xx x 117 xxx xx xx x 118 xxx x xx x 119 xxx x x x 120 xx x x x 122 xxx xx xx x 123 xx x x x 124 xxx xx x x 125 xxx xx xx x 126 xxx x x x 127 xxx xx xx x 128 xxx xx x x 129 xxx x xx x 130 xxx xx x x 131 xxx xx xx xxx 132 xxx xxx xxx xxx 133 xxx xx xxx xx 134 xxx xx xxx x 135 xxx xx xxx xxx 136 xxx xxx xxx xxx 137 xxx x xxx xxx 138 xxx x xx xx 139 xxx xxx xxx xxx 140 xxx xxx xxx xxx 141 xxx xx xxx xxx 142 xxx x xx xxx 143 xxx xxx xx xxx 144 xxx xxx xxx xxx 145 xxx x xxx xxx 146 xxx xxx xxx xxx 147 xxx xx xx xxx 148 xxx xx xx xxx 149 xxx x xxx xxx 150 xxx x xx xxx 151 xxx xxx xxx xxx 152 xx x xx xxx 153 xxx xxx xxx xxx 154 xxx xxx xx xxx 155 xxx x xxx xxx 156 xxx xxx xx xxx 157 xxx x xx xxx 158 xxx x xxx xxx 159 xx x xxx xxx 160 xxx xx xxx xxx 161 xx x xxx xxx 162 xxx x xx xxx 163 xxx xx xx xxx 164 xx x xxx xxx 165 x x xx xxx 166 xxx x xxx xxx 167 xxx xx xx xxx 168 xx xx xxx 169 xxx x xx xxx 170 xx x xx xxx 171 xx x xxx xx 172 x x xxx xx 173 xxx xx xx xxx 174 xxx x xxx xx 175 xxx xx xx xx 176 xx xx xxx xx 177 xxx xx xx xx 178 xx x xxx xx 179 xx x xxx xx 180 xxx xxx xx xx 181 xx x xx xx 182 x x xx xx 183 xx x xx xx 184 xx x xxx xx 185 x x xx xx 186 xxx x xxx xx 187 xx x xx xx 188 x x x xx 189 xxx x xx xx 190 x x xxx xx 191 xxx x xx xx 192 xxx x xx xx 193 x x x x 194 xxx x xxx xx 195 xx x x x 196 xxx x xx x 197 xx x x x 198 xx x xx x 199 xx x xx x 200 xx x xx x 202 xx x xx x 203 xxx xx xx x 204 xxx x xx x 205 x x x x 206 xxx x xx x 207 xx x xx x 208 xx x x x 209 xx x xxx x 210 xx x xx x 211 x x xx x 212 x x x x 213 xx x xx x 214 x x x x 215 xx x x x 216 xxx x xxx x 217 xx x x x 218 xx x x x 219 x x xx x 220 x x xx x 221 xx x xx x 222 x x x x 223 x x x x 224 x x xx x 225 x x x x 226 x x x x 227 xxx xxx xxx xxx 228 x x x x 229 xx xxx x xxx 230 x xx x xxx 231 x x xx xxx 232 xx xxx x xxx 233 xxx xxx xx xxx 234 xxx xxx xx xx 235 xx x xx xx 236 xxx xx xx xx 237 xxx xx x x 238 x x x x 239 x x xx xx 240 xx x xx xxx 241 xx x x xxx 242 xxx xx xx xxx 243 xxx x xx xx 244 xx x xx xx 245 xx xx x xxx 246 xx xx x xxx 247 xx x xx xxx 248 xx x xx x 249 x x xx xx 250 xx x xx xx 251 xx x xx xx 252 x x x xx 253 xx x xx xx 254 x x xx xx 255 x x x x 256 xx xx x x 257 x x xxx x 258 x x xx x 259 x x xx x 260 xxx x xx x 261 xx x x x 262 x x x x 263 xxx xxx x x 264 x x x x 265 xx xx x x 266 x x x x 267 x x x x 268 x x x x 269 xxx xxx xx xxx 270 xxx xxx xx xxx 271 xxx xxx xx x 272 xxx xxx xx xxx 273 xxx xx xxx xxx 274 xxx x xx xxx 275 xxx xx xx xxx 276 xxx x xx xx 277 xxx x xx x 278 xx xx xx xx 279 xx xx x x 280 x x xx xx 281 xx xx x xx 282 xxx xx x xx 283 xx x xx xx 284 xx xx x x 285 xx x x x 286 xx x x x 287 xx x x x 288 x x x x 289 xxx x x x 290 xxx x x x 291 xx x xx xx 292 xx x xx xx 293 xx xxx xxx xxx 294 xx xx xxx xx 295 xxx xxx xx xx 296 x x xx xx 297 x x xx xx 298 x x x xx 299 x x xx xx 300 xx x xx x 301 x x x x 302 x x x x 303 xx x xxx x 304 xxx x xx x 305 x x x x 306 x x x x 307 xx x xx x 308 xxx x xxx x 309 xx x xxx x 310 xx x x x 311 xxx x xx xx 312 x x x x 313 x x x x 314 xx x x x 315 x x x x 316 x x x x 317 x x x x 318 xxx xxx xx xxx 319 xx x x x 320 xx x xx x 321 xx x xx xx 322 xx xxx x xxx 323 xx x xx xx 324 xx x xx xx 325 x x xx x 326 x x x x 327 x x x x 328 xx x x xx 329 xxx x xx x 330 x x x x 331 xx x x x 332 x x x x 333 x x x x 334 x x x x 335 x x x x 336 x x x x 337 x x x x 338 x x x x 339 x x x x 340 xx x x x 341 x x x x 342 xxx xx xx xx 343 xxx xxx xx x 344 xxx xx xx x 345 xxx xx x x 346 xxx x x x 347 xxx xx xx xxx 348 xxx xx xxx xxx 349 xx xx xxx xxx 350 xxx xxx xxx xxx 351 xxx xx xx xxx 352 xxx x xxx xxx 353 xxx x xxx xx 354 x x xx xx 355 xx xx xx xx 356 xxx x xxx xx 357 xx x x x 358 xxx xx xx xx 359 xx xx x x 360 xx x xx x 361 xx x x x 362 xx x xx x 363 xx x x x 364 xxx x xxx x 365 xxx x xx x 366 xx x x x 367 x x x x 368 xxx xx x x 369 xxx xx xxx xxx 370 xxx xx xx xxx 371 xxx x xx xxx 372 xxx xx xx xxx 373 xxx xx xx xxx 374 xx x xx xx 375 xxx xxx xxx xx 376 xxx x xx xx 377 xxx xx xx xx 378 xx x xx xx 379 xxx xx xx xx 380 xxx xx xx xx 381 xxx x xx x 382 xxx x xx xx 383 xxx xx xx x 384 xx x x x 385 xx x xx x 386 xx xx x x 387 xxx xx xx x 388 xxx x xx x 389 xx x xx x 390 xxx x xx x 391 xx x x x 392 xxx x xx x 393 xxx x xx x 394 xxx xx x x 395 xxx x x x 396 xx x x x 397 xx x xx x 398 xx x x x 399 xx xx xx x 400 x x x x 401 xxx x xx x 402 xx x xx x 403 xxx x xx x 404 xx x x x 405 xx x x x 406 xx x x x 407 xx x x x 408 xxx xxx xx xx 409 xxx xxx xxx xxx 410 xx xx x x 411 xxx xx x x 412 xx x x x 413 xxx xx x x 414 x x x x 415 x x x x 416 x x x x 417 xx x x x 418 x x x x 419 x x x x 420 xx x x x 421 x x x x 422 xxx x x x 423 xx x x x 424 x x x x 425 x x x x 426 x x x x 427 xx x x x 428 xx x x x 429 xx x x x 430 xx x x x

Additional examples of activities and efficacies of the muscarinic compounds of formulae (I and II) on modulating M₁ and M₄ receptors are shown below in Table 4. The compound activity for the M₁ and M₄ receptor is illustrated with “xxx” if activity was measured to be less than 2.0 μM, “xx” if activity was measured to be between 2.0 μM and 5.0 μM, and “x” if activity was measured to be greater than 5.0 μM. The efficacy for M₁ and M₄ modulation is illustrated with “xxx” if efficacy was calculated to be greater than 100%, “xx” if efficacy was calculated to be between 100% and 25%, “x” if efficacy was calculated to be less than 25%, and “−” if no data was available. It should be noted that 100% efficacy is the maximum response obtained with the Carbachol control. TABLE 4 Additional exemplary compounds of formulae (I and II). Cmd M₁ M₄ M₁ M₄ No. Activity Activity Efficacy Efficacy 431 xx xx xx xx 432 x x x x 433 xxx xxx xxx xx 434 x xxx xx xx 435 xxx xxx xx xx 436 x x x x 437 x x x x 438 xxx xxx xx x 439 xxx xxx xx xx 440 xxx xxx xx xx 441 x x x x 442 x x x x 443 xxx xxx xxx xxx 444 xx xx xx xx 445 xxx xxx xx xx 446 x x xx x 447 xxx xxx xx xx 448 x xxx x x 449 xx xxx xx xx 450 xxx x xx x 451 xxx xxx xx xx 452 xxx x xx x 453 xxx x xx x 454 x x x x 455 xxx xxx xx xx 456 xxx xxx xx xx 457 x x x x 458 x x x x 459 x xx xx x 460 xxx xxx xx xx 461 xx x xx x 462 xxx xxx xx xx 463 x x xx x 464 xx xx xx xx 465 — — — — 466 xxx xxx xx xx 467 xx xx xx xx 468 xx xxx xx xx 469 xxx xxx xx xx 470 xx xx xx xx 471 xx xx xx xx 472 xxx xxx xxx xx 473 x x xx x 474 x x x x 475 — — — — 476 x x x x 477 x x x x 478 x x x x 479 xxx xxx xx x 480 x x x x 481 xxx xxx xx xx 482 xxx xxx xx xx 483 x x x x 484 xxx xxx xx xx 485 xx xxx xx x 486 x xxx x xx 487 x xxx x xx 488 x x xx xx 489 xxx xxx xx xx 490 x xxx xx xxx 491 xx xx xx x 492 x x xx x 493 xxx xxx xxx xxx 494 xx xxx xx xx 495 — — — — 496 x x x x 497 xx xx xx xx 498 xxx xxx xx xx 499 x x xx x 500 x x x x 501 — — — — 502 xxx xx xx xx 503 xxx xxx xx xx 504 x x x x 505 xxx xxx xx xx 506 x xx x xx 507 xxx xxx xx xx 508 xxx xxx xx xx 509 xx x xx xx 510 xxx xxx xx xx 511 x x x x 512 x x x x 513 xxx xxx xx xx 514 xx x xx xx 515 xxx xxx xx xx 516 xxx xxx xx xx 517 xxx xxx xx xx 518 x x x x 519 xxx x xx x 520 x x xx x 521 x x x x 522 xxx xxx xxx xx 523 — — — — 524 — — — — 525 x xxx x xx 526 xxx x xx x 527 xxx xxx xx xx 528 xx xxx xx xx 529 x xx xx xx 530 x x x x 531 x x x x 532 x x x x 533 x x x x 534 xx xxx xx x 535 xxx xxx xx xx 536 xxx xxx xx xx 537 xxx xxx xx xx 538 xx x xx x 539 xx xx xx xx 540 xxx xxx xx xx 541 xxx x xx x 542 x x x x 543 xxx xxx xxx xx 544 xx xx xx x 545 x x x x 546 x x xx xx 547 xx x xx xx 548 x x x x 549 x x x x 550 x x x x 551 x x x xx 552 x x xx xx 553 xxx xxx xx x 554 — — — — 555 xxx xx xx xx 556 x x xx x 557 — — — — 558 xxx xxx xx xx 559 xxx x xx xx 560 xxx x xx x 561 x xx xx xx 562 — — — — 563 xxx xxx xxx xx 564 xxx xxx xx xx 565 xxx xxx xx xx 566 x x x x 567 xxx xxx xx xx 568 xxx xxx xx x 569 xx xx xx xx 570 xx xxx xx xx 571 xxx xxx xx xx 572 xx x xx x 573 xxx xxx xx xx 574 xx xxx xx xx 575 x x x x 576 xxx xxx xx xx 577 x x x x 578 xxx xxx xx xx 579 xxx xxx xx xx 580 xxx x xx xx 581 xxx xxx xx x 582 — — — — 583 xxx xxx xx xx 584 xxx xxx xx xx 585 xxx xxx xx xx 586 xxx xxx xx xx 587 xxx xxx xx xx 588 x x x x 589 x x x x 590 xx xx xx x 591 xxx xxx xxx xx 592 xx x xx x 593 — — — — 594 x xx xx x 595 xxx xxx xx xx 596 xxx xxx xx xx 597 x x xx x 598 xxx xxx xx xx 599 x x xx xx 600 x x x x 601 — — — — 602 xxx xx xx xx 603 xxx xxx xx xx 604 x xxx x xx 605 xxx xxx xx xx 606 xxx xxx xx xx 607 xxx xxx xx xx 608 xxx xxx xx xx 609 xx xxx xx xx 610 xxx xxx xx xx 611 xxx x xx x 612 x x x xx 613 — — — — 614 xxx xxx xx xx 615 xxx xx xx x 616 xxx x xxx xx 617 xx xxx xx xxx 618 xxx xxx xx xx 619 xx xxx xx xx 620 x x xx x 621 xx xxx xx xx 622 x x x x 623 xxx xxx xx xx 624 xxx x xx x 625 xxx xxx xx xxx 626 xxx xxx xx xx 627 xxx xxx xx xx 628 xxx xxx xx xx 629 xx xx xx xx 630 x xxx xx xx 631 — — — — 632 x x x x 633 xx x xx x 634 x x x x 635 — — — — 636 xxx xxx xx xx 637 xxx xxx xxx xx 638 x x x x 639 x x xx x 640 xxx xxx xx xx 641 x x x x 642 x xxx xx xxx 643 x x x x 644 x x x x 645 xxx xxx xx xx 646 xxx x xx x 647 xxx xxx xx xx 648 xx x xx x 649 xxx xxx xx x 650 xxx xxx xx xx 651 xxx xxx xx xx 652 xxx xxx xx xx 653 x x xx xx 654 — — — — 655 xxx xxx xx xx 656 xxx xxx xx xx 657 xx xxx xx xx 658 xxx xxx xx xx 659 xxx xxx xx xx 660 xxx xxx xxx xxx 661 x x xx x 662 x xx xx xx 663 xxx xxx xx xx 664 xxx xxx xx xx 665 x x xx x 666 x xxx x xx 667 x x x xx 668 xxx xxx xx xx 669 xxx xxx xx xx 670 x xx xx xx 671 x x x x 672 xxx xxx xx xx 673 x xx x xx 674 x x xx xx 675 xxx xxx xx xx 676 — — — — 677 x x xx x 678 xxx x xx x 679 xxx xxx xx xx 680 xx xxx xx xx 681 x x xx x 682 x x x x 683 xx x xx x 684 x x x x 685 x xxx x xx 686 x x x x 687 x x x x 688 xxx xxx xx xx 689 xxx xxx xxx xx 690 — — — — 691 x x xx x 692 xxx xxx xx xx 693 x x xx x 694 xxx xxx xx xx 695 xxx xxx xx xx 696 xx xxx xx xx 697 x x xx x 698 xxx xxx xxx xxx 699 x x x x 700 xxx xxx xxx xxx 701 xxx xxx xx xx 702 x x xx xx 703 x x x x 704 xxx xxx xx xx 705 x x x x 706 xxx xxx xx xx 707 — — — — 708 xxx xxx xx xx 709 xxx xxx xx x 710 x x xx xx 711 xx x xx x 712 xxx xxx xx xx 713 — — — — 714 xxx xxx xxx xx 715 xxx xxx xx xx 716 xxx xxx xx xx 717 xxx xxx xx xx 718 x x x x 719 xxx x xx x 720 xx xxx xx xx 721 xxx xxx xx xx 722 xxx xxx xx xx 723 xxx xxx xx xx 724 xx x xx x 725 — — — — 726 x x x x 727 x xxx xx xx 728 xx x xx x 729 x x x x 730 xxx xxx xx xx 731 xxx x x x 732 x xx xx xx 733 — — — — 734 xxx xxx xx xx 735 xx xxx xx xx 736 — — — — 737 xx xxx xx xx 738 xx xxx xx xx 739 x xx xx x 740 xxx xxx xx xx 741 x x x x 742 xxx xxx xx xx 743 x x x x 744 xxx xxx xx xx 745 — — — — 746 xxx xxx xx xx 747 xxx xxx xx xx 748 — — — — 749 xxx xxx xx xx 750 xxx xxx xx xx 751 xxx xxx xx xx 752 xxx xxx xx xx 753 xx xx xx xx 754 xxx xxx xx xx 755 x xxx x xx 756 xxx xxx xx xx 757 x x x x 758 x x x x 759 x x x x 760 x xxx xx xx 761 xxx xxx xx xx 762 xxx xxx xx xx 763 — — — — 764 xxx xxx xx x 765 x x xx x 766 xxx xxx xx xx 767 x x xx x 768 x x xx x 769 xxx xxx xx xx 770 xxx xx xx x 771 x x x x 772 xxx xxx xx xx 773 xxx xxx xx xx 774 x x xx xx 775 xxx xxx xx xx 776 x x x x 777 xxx xxx xx xx 778 x x x x 779 xx xxx xx x 780 x x x x 781 x x xx x 782 x x x x 783 xxx xx xx xx 784 x x x x 785 xx xxx xx xx 786 — — — — 787 xxx xxx xx xx 788 xx xx xx xx 789 x x xx xx 790 xx xxx xx xx 791 xx x xx x 792 x x xx xx 793 xxx xxx xx xx 794 x x x x 795 xx x x x 796 xxx xxx xx xx 797 x xxx xx xx 798 x x x x 799 x x x x 800 xxx xxx xx xx 801 x x x x 802 x xxx xx xx 803 x x x x 804 x x x x 805 xxx xxx xx xx 806 x x x x 807 xxx xxx xx xx 808 xxx xxx xx xx 809 xxx xxx xx xx 810 xxx xxx xx xx 811 — — — — 812 xx x xx x 813 x x xx x 814 x xx xx xx 815 xx xxx xx xx 816 xxx xxx xxx xxx 817 x x x x 818 x x x x 819 xxx x xx x 820 xxx xxx xx xx 821 x x xx x 822 xxx xxx xx xx 823 xx xx xx xx 824 x x xx x 825 xxx x xx x 826 xxx xxx xx xx 827 xxx xxx xx xx 828 xxx x xx x 829 xxx xxx xx xx 830 x xx xx xx 831 — — — — 832 xxx xxx xx xx 833 xxx xxx xx xx 834 xxx xxx xx xx 835 — — — — 836 xxx xxx xx xx 837 x x x x 838 xxx xxx xx xx 839 xx x x x 840 x x x x 841 — — — — 842 x xxx x x 843 xxx xxx xx xx 844 xxx xxx xx xx 845 x x x x 846 xx xx x x 847 xxx x xx x 848 xxx xxx xx xxx 849 x x x x 850 — — — — 851 xxx xxx xx xx 852 xx xxx xx xx 853 xxx xxx xx xx 854 xxx xxx xx xx 855 xxx xxx xx xx 856 xxx xxx xx xx 857 x x xx x 858 — — — — 859 x x xx xx 860 xxx xxx xx xx 861 xxx xxx xx xx 862 xxx xxx xx xx 863 x xx xx xx 864 x x x x 865 xx xxx xx xx 866 xx xxx xx xx 867 — — — — 868 x xxx x xx 869 xx xxx xx xx 870 — — — — 871 x xx xx xx 872 xxx xxx xx xx 873 x x x x 874 xx x xx x 875 xxx x xx x 876 — — — — 877 xxx xxx xx xx 878 xxx xxx xx xx 879 xxx xxx xx xx 880 x x x x 881 xxx xxx xx xx 882 x x x x 883 — — — — 884 xxx xxx xx xx 885 xxx xxx xx xx 886 xxx xxx xx xx 887 xx x xx x 888 xxx x xx x 889 xxx xxx xx xx 890 xxx xxx xx xx 891 xxx xxx xx xx 892 x x x x 893 x x x x 894 x x xx x 895 xxx xxx xx xx 896 xxx xxx xx xx 897 xxx xxx xx xx 898 x x x x 899 — — — — 900 xx x x x 901 xx xx xx xx 902 x x xx x 903 xx xxx xx xx 904 x x x x 905 xxx xxx xx xx 906 — — — — 907 x x xx x 908 xxx xxx xx xx 909 — — — — 910 xxx xx xx x 911 x x x x 912 xxx x xx x 913 x x xx x 914 xxx xxx xx xx 915 x x xx xx 916 x x x x 917 x x x x 918 x x xx x 919 x x x x 920 xxx xxx xx xx 921 x x xx x 922 x x xx xx 923 xx xxx xx xx 924 — — — — 925 xxx xxx xx xx 926 x x xx x 927 — — — — 928 xxx xxx xx xx 929 xxx xxx xx xx 930 x x x x 931 x x x x 932 x x xx x 933 x x x x 934 xx xxx xx xx 935 x xxx xx xx 936 xxx x xx x 937 — — — — 938 xxx xxx xx xx 939 xxx xxx xx xx 940 xxx xxx xx xx 941 xxx xxx xx xx 942 xxx xxx xxx xx 943 xxx xxx xx xx 944 xxx xxx xx xx 945 xxx xxx xx xx 946 x xxx x x 947 xxx xxx xxx xx 948 x x x x 949 xxx xxx xx xx 950 xx xx xx xx 951 xxx xxx xx xx 952 xxx xxx xx xx 953 xx xxx xx xx 954 xxx xxx xx xx 955 xxx xxx xx xx 956 x x xx x 957 xxx xxx xx xx 958 xxx xxx xx xx 959 xx xxx xx xx 960 x xx x xx 961 xxx xxx xx xx 962 x x x x 963 — — — — 964 — — — — 965 x xxx xx xx 966 xxx x xx x 967 xx xx xx xx 968 x x x x 969 xxx x xx x 970 xxx xxx xx xx 971 xx xx xx xx 972 xx x xx x 973 x x xx x 974 xxx xxx xx xx 975 x x x x 976 xxx xxx xx xx 977 xxx xxx xx xx 978 x x x x 979 x xxx xx xx 980 xxx xxx xxx xx 981 xxx xxx xx xx 982 x x x x 983 xxx xxx xx xx 984 xx xxx xx xx 985 x xx xx xx 986 xxx xxx xx xx 987 xxx xxx xx xx 988 xxx xxx xx xx 989 xxx x xx x 990 xx x xx xx 991 xxx xxx xx xx 992 x x xx xx 993 xxx xxx xx xx 994 xxx xxx xx xx 995 x xx xx xx 996 x x x x 997 — — — — 998 x xxx x xx 999 xxx x xx x 1000 x x xx xx 1001 — — — — 1002 x x x x 1003 xxx xxx xx xx 1004 xxx xxx xx xx 1005 x xxx x xx 1006 x x xx x 1007 — — — — 1008 — — — — 1009 xxx xxx xx xx 1010 x x x x 1011 — — — — 1012 x x x x 1013 x x x x 1014 xxx xxx xx xx 1015 xx xxx xx x 1016 xxx xxx xx xx 1017 x xxx xx xx

Additional examples of activities and efficacies of the muscarinic compounds of formulae (I and II) on modulating M₁ and M₄ receptors are shown below in Table 5. The compound activity for the M₁ and M₄ receptor is illustrated with “xxx” if activity was measured to be less than 2.0 μM, “xx” if activity was measured to be between 2.0 μM and 10 μM, and “x” if activity was measured to be greater than 10 μM. The efficacy for M₁ and M₄ modulation is illustrated with “xxx” if efficacy was calculated to be greater than 100%, “xx” if efficacy was calculated to be between 100% and 25%, “x” if efficacy was calculated to be less than 25%, and “−” if no data was available. It should be noted that 100% efficacy is the maximum response obtained with the Carbachol control. TABLE 5 Additional compound activities and efficacies for modulating M₁ and M₄ receptors. Cmd M₁ M₄ M₁ M₄ No. Activity Activity Efficacy Efficacy 1018 — — — — 1019 xxx xxx xx xx 1020 xx xx xx x 1021 — — — — 1022 — — — — 1023 — — — — 1024 xx xx xx x 1025 xx xxx xx xx 1026 xx xxx xx x 1027 xx xx xx xx 1028 xx xxx xx xx 1029 xx xx xx xx 1030 xx xx xx xx 1031 xxx xxx xx xx 1032 xx xxx xx xx 1033 xx xxx xx xx 1034 xxx xxx xx xx 1035 xxx xxx xxx xx 1036 xxx xxx xx xx 1037 xx xxx xx xx 1038 xx xxx xx xx 1039 xx xxx xx xx 1040 xxx xxx xx xx 1041 xx xx xx xx

Other Embodiments

It is to be understood that while the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are within the scope of the following claims. 

1. A method of modulating activity of a muscarinic receptor, comprising the step of: contacting said receptor with a compound selected from: 431

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2. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound selectively modulates a M₁ or M₄ muscarinic receptor.
 3. A method of treating or reducing the severity of a muscarinic receptor mediated disease in a mammal, comprising the step of administering to said mammal a compound as described in claim
 1. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein said muscarinic receptor is M₁ or M₄.
 5. A method of treating or reducing the severity of a disease in a patient, wherein said disease is selected from CNS derived pathologies including cognitive disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), obesity, Alzheimer's disease, various dementias such as vascular dementia, psychosis associated with CNS disorders including schizophrenia, mania, bipolar disorders, pain conditions including acute and chronic syndromes, Huntington's Chorea, Friederich's ataxia, Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome, Downs Syndrome, Pick disease, clinical depression, Parkinson's disease, peripheral disorders such as reduction of intra ocular pressure in Glaucoma and treatment of dry eyes and dry mouth including Sjögren's Syndrome, bradhycardia, gastric acid secretion, asthma, GI disturbances, and wound healing, wherein said method comprises the step of contacting said patient with a compound as described in of claim
 1. 6. A compound selected from: 431

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1018

1019

1020

1021

1022

1023

1024

1025

1026

1027

1028

1029

1030

1031

1032

1033

1034

1035

1036

1037

1038

1039

1040

1041


7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 6 and a pharmaceutical carrier. 